Dixon Mike J, Smilek Daniel, Merikle Philip M
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2004 Sep;4(3):335-43. doi: 10.3758/cabn.4.3.335.
In synaesthesia, ordinary stimuli elicit extraordinary experiences. When grapheme-color synaesthetes view black text, each grapheme elicits a photism-a highly specific experience of color. Importantly, some synaesthetes (projectors) report experiencing their photisms in external space, whereas other synaesthetes (associators) report experiencing their photisms "in the mind's eye." We showed that projectors and associators can be differentiated not only by their subjective reports, but also by their performance on Stroop tasks. Digits were presented in colors that were either congruent or incongruent with the synaesthetes' photisms. The synaesthetes named either the video colors of the digits or the colors of the photisms elicited by the digits. The results revealed systematic differences in the patterns of Stroop interference between projectors and associators. Converging evidence from first-person reports and third-person objective measures of Stroop interference establish the projector/ associator distinction as an important individual difference in grapheme-color synaesthesia.
在联觉中，普通刺激会引发非凡体验。当字形 - 颜色联觉者观看黑色文本时，每个字形都会引发一种光幻视——一种高度特定的颜色体验。重要的是，一些联觉者（投射者）报告说在外部空间体验到他们的光幻视，而其他联觉者（联想者）报告说在“脑海中”体验到他们的光幻视。我们发现，投射者和联想者不仅可以通过他们的主观报告来区分，还可以通过他们在斯特鲁普任务中的表现来区分。数字以与联觉者的光幻视一致或不一致的颜色呈现。联觉者要说出数字的视频颜色或者数字引发的光幻视的颜色。结果揭示了投射者和联想者在斯特鲁普干扰模式上的系统性差异。来自第一人称报告和斯特鲁普干扰的第三人称客观测量的相互印证的证据，确立了投射者/联想者的区别是字形 - 颜色联觉中一个重要的个体差异。
