Feldman Ruth, Eidelman Arthur I
Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Dev Psychol. 2004 Nov;40(6):1133-47. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1133.
To study the social-emotional development of triplets, 23 sets of triplets, 23 sets of twins, and 23 singleton infants (N=138) were followed from birth to 2 years. Maternal depression and social support were assessed in the postpartum period, mother-infant and father-infant interaction and the home environment were observed at 3 months, a separation-reunion episode and a maternal interview were conducted at 12 months, and infant behavior problems were evaluated at 24 months. Lower parent-infant synchrony was observed for triplets. Triplets showed less distress during maternal separation and less approach at reunion. Mothers reported lower adjustment and differentiation among siblings for triplets than for twins. Higher internalizing problems were reported for triplets, and the triplet with intrauterine growth retardation showed the poorest outcomes. Behavior problems were predicted by medical risk, maternal depression, parent-infant synchrony, infant approach, and mother adjustment. Discussion focuses on developmental risk when the exclusivity of the parent-infant relationship is compromised.
为研究三胞胎的社会情感发展，对23组三胞胎、23组双胞胎和23名单胎婴儿（N = 138）从出生至2岁进行了跟踪研究。在产后评估了母亲的抑郁情况和社会支持，在3个月时观察了母婴和父子互动以及家庭环境，在12个月时进行了一次分离团聚事件和一次母亲访谈，并在24个月时评估了婴儿的行为问题。观察到三胞胎的亲子同步性较低。三胞胎在与母亲分离期间表现出的痛苦较少，团聚时的亲近程度也较低。母亲报告称，与双胞胎相比，三胞胎兄弟姐妹之间的适应性和差异性更低。报告显示三胞胎的内化问题更多，且患有宫内生长迟缓的三胞胎预后最差。行为问题可由医疗风险、母亲抑郁、亲子同步性、婴儿亲近程度和母亲适应性预测。讨论聚焦于亲子关系的排他性受到损害时的发育风险。
