Erazo N, Baumert J, Ladwig K-H
Institut und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin, Psychotherapie und Medizinische Psychologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München.
Nervenarzt. 2004 Nov;75(11):1099-106. doi: 10.1007/s00115-004-1703-x.
Suicide research has identified regional and local clusters of increased suicide prevalence. As part of a comprehensive prevention strategy to fight railway suicides, we sought to identify such particular clusters on the German Railway net (total length 37,080 km) during a 6-year observation period (1997-2002). Data stem from the central registry of all person accidents on the German Railway net.
During the observation period, a total of 5,731 suicides (in average 18 cases per week) were registered. Against expectation derived from distribution patterns in the general suicide research, we found a preponderance in the southern part compared to the northern part of Germany and a significant downward trend from west to east ( p=0.004). Most suicides occurred on open track (66%) compared to suicides at railway platforms (34%). We identified 16 places of high risk with 6 to 29 suicides per railway km. Of these high risk places, 75% were in the proximity of psychiatric hospitals.
Increased awareness for regional and local suicide clusters, initiatives to reduce the accessibility and warning infra-red beams are among recommendations for suicide prevention derived from these data.
自杀研究已确定了自杀率上升的区域和局部集群。作为预防铁路自杀综合策略的一部分，我们试图在6年观察期（1997 - 2002年）内，在德国铁路网（全长37,080公里）中识别此类特定集群。数据来源于德国铁路网所有人身事故的中央登记处。
在观察期内，共登记了5731起自杀事件（平均每周18起）。与一般自杀研究中的分布模式预期相反，我们发现德国南部比北部更为高发，且从西到东呈显著下降趋势（p = 0.004）。与铁路站台自杀事件（34%）相比，大多数自杀事件发生在露天轨道上（66%）。我们确定了16个高风险地点，每公里铁路发生6至29起自杀事件。在这些高风险地点中，75%位于精神病院附近。
提高对区域和局部自杀集群的认识、采取措施减少可达性以及设置警示红外线光束，是从这些数据中得出的自杀预防建议。
