Baumert J, Erazo N, Ladwig K H
Institut und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin, Psychotherapie und Med. Psychologie, Klinikums rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Munich, Germany.
Eur J Public Health. 2006 Apr;16(2):173-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cki060. Epub 2005 Aug 10.
Railway suicides strongly impact psychological and socioeconomic aspects of the railway company, its employees and possible eye witnesses. We aimed to assess the incidence of railway suicides compared with the total burden of suicides in Germany and its time trend over a 10-year observation period.
From 1991 to 2000, a total of 8,653 fatal railway suicides were recorded by the national central registry of all passenger accidents on the German railway net. To assess time trends, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the number of suicides was estimated using Poisson regression. Adjustments were made for two age groups and measures of availability.
Railway suicides accounted for 7.0% (annual range 5.0-7.9%) of all suicides in Germany. The time trend of the number of suicides by all means declined, with a significant stronger decline for older subjects [AAPC -2.2; 95% confidence intercal (CI) -3.0 to -1.5; and -4.2; 95% CI -5.2 to -3.0]. An AAPC of 1.8% (95% CI 0.1-3.4) indicated an increasing time trend of the number of railway suicides for subjects aged <or=65 years, whereas, in contrast, fatal incidences for subjects aged >65 years exhibited a strong decrease (AAPC -6.2%; 95% CI -10.9 to -1.3).
The present study demonstrates different time trends for railway suicides compared with all suicides. It underlines the urgent need for amplified research efforts in the particular field of railway suicides. Further examinations are recommended, in particular concerning possible reasons for this suicidal method.
铁路自杀对铁路公司、其员工以及可能的目击者的心理和社会经济方面产生强烈影响。我们旨在评估铁路自杀的发生率，并将其与德国自杀的总负担及其在10年观察期内的时间趋势进行比较。
1991年至2000年期间，德国铁路网所有客运事故的国家中央登记处共记录了8653起致命铁路自杀事件。为了评估时间趋势，使用泊松回归估计自杀人数的年均百分比变化（AAPC）。对两个年龄组和可得性指标进行了调整。
铁路自杀占德国所有自杀事件的7.0%（年范围为5.0 - 7.9%）。各种方式的自杀人数的时间趋势呈下降趋势，老年受试者的下降幅度明显更大[AAPC -2.2；95%置信区间（CI）-3.0至-1.5；以及-4.2；95% CI -5.2至-3.0]。AAPC为1.8%（95% CI 0.1 - 3.4）表明65岁及以下受试者的铁路自杀人数呈上升趋势，而相比之下，65岁以上受试者的致命发生率则大幅下降（AAPC -6.2%；95% CI -10.9至-1.3）。
本研究表明铁路自杀与所有自杀相比具有不同的时间趋势。它强调了在铁路自杀这一特定领域加大研究力度的迫切需求。建议进一步进行研究，特别是关于这种自杀方式的可能原因。
