有烟的地方就有钱：烟草行业的竞选捐款与美国国会投票

Where there's smoke there's money: tobacco industry campaign contributions and U.S. Congressional voting.

作者信息

Luke Douglas A, Krauss Melissa

机构信息

Saint Louis University School of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.

出版信息

Am J Prev Med. 2004 Dec;27(5):363-72. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.08.014.

DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.08.014

PMID:15556735

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. A direct contributor to this massive health burden is the effectiveness of the tobacco industry's activities, including campaign contributions.

METHODS

Voting records of 527 members of the 106th U.S. Congress were obtained for 49 tobacco-related bills between 1997 and 2000. Tobacco industry political action committee (PAC) contributions for each member were summed from 1993 to 2000. A cross-sectional, multilevel model was constructed that predicts voting behavior based on amount of contributions, political party, home state, and amount of state tobacco agriculture. The data were analyzed in 2002, 2003, and 2004.

RESULTS

A total of $6,827,763 was received by the legislators from 17 tobacco industry PACs, an average of $12,956 per member. Senate Republicans received the most money (mean $22,004), while Senate Democrats received the least ($6,057). Republicans voted pro-tobacco 73% of the time and Democrats voted pro-tobacco only 23% of the time (p <0.001). Pro-tobacco voting percentage varied significantly by state (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.27, p <0.001). The amount of PAC money received by a member of Congress was positively associated with voting pro-tobacco (p <0.01), even after controlling for political party, state, and state tobacco farming. For Democrats in Congress who voted pro-tobacco, for every $10,000 contribution they received, they were 9.8% more likely to do so. On the other hand, for Republicans who voted pro-tobacco, for every $10,000 received, they were only 3.5% more likely to do so.

CONCLUSIONS

Tobacco industry contributions, political party, and state-level factors influence the voting behavior of Congress members. In the 106th Congress, Republicans voted pro-tobacco over three times as often as Democrats. However, for those Democrats who voted pro-tobacco, the relationship between receiving tobacco industry PAC money and a pro-tobacco vote was stronger than it was for Republicans.

摘要

背景

在美国，烟草使用是可预防的首要死因。烟草行业活动的成效，包括竞选捐款，是造成这一巨大健康负担的直接因素。

方法

获取了第106届美国国会527名议员在1997年至2000年期间对49项与烟草相关法案的投票记录。汇总了1993年至2000年期间每个议员从烟草行业政治行动委员会（PAC）获得的捐款。构建了一个横断面多层次模型，该模型根据捐款金额、政党、家乡州以及该州烟草农业规模来预测投票行为。数据于2002年、2003年和2004年进行分析。

结果

议员们共从17个烟草行业PAC收到6,827,763美元，平均每位议员12,956美元。参议院共和党人收到的钱最多（平均22,004美元），而参议院民主党人收到的最少（6,057美元）。共和党人在73%的情况下投票支持烟草，而民主党人仅在23%的情况下投票支持烟草（p<0.001）。支持烟草的投票百分比在各州之间存在显著差异（组内相关系数=0.27，p<0.001）。即使在控制了政党、州和该州烟草种植情况之后，国会议员从PAC收到的资金数额与支持烟草的投票呈正相关（p<0.01）。在国会中投票支持烟草的民主党人，每收到10,000美元捐款，他们这样做的可能性就增加9.8%。另一方面，对于投票支持烟草的共和党人，每收到10,000美元，他们这样做的可能性仅增加3.5%。