Moore S, Wolfe S M, Lindes D, Douglas C E
Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Preventive Medicine Residency Program, Baltimore, Md.
JAMA. 1994 Oct 19;272(15):1171-5.
To evaluate the influence of tobacco industry campaign donations, district location, and political party affiliation on tobacco control legislation among members of the US Congress.
Data were obtained from the Federal Election Commission on money contributed by the 10 leading tobacco political action committees and by tobacco industry-aligned individuals to members of the US House of Representatives (1991-1992) and Senate (1987-1992). Logistic regression analyses were performed using recorded votes and cosponsorship activities concerning tobacco control legislation during the 102nd and 103rd Congresses and membership on the House Congressional Task Force on Tobacco and Health as the dependent variables and tobacco money received, party, district location, and caucus or committee membership as the independent variables.
United States Congress in 1991 and 1992.
None.
Support for federal tobacco control legislation.
The tobacco industry donated approximately $2.4 million to members of Congress from January 1991 through December 1992. House members received an average of $2943 (1991-1992) and senators received an average of $11,593 (1987-1992). The more tobacco money a member received, the less likely the member was to support tobacco control legislation. In the Senate, on a vote to end the taxpayer subsidy of tobacco products in military stores, the odds ratio that senators in the top quartile of tobacco money recipients did not support the measure vs senators in the lowest quartile of tobacco money recipients was 42.2 (95% confidence interval, 4.1 to 430.0; P < .001). In the House, on a vote to end a $3.5 million subsidy to promote American tobacco abroad, the odds that House members in the top third of tobacco money recipients would oppose the legislation were 14.4 times greater (95% confidence interval, 5.5 to 39.0; P < .001) than for House members in the lowest third of tobacco money recipients. Receiving more tobacco money, being a member of the Republican party, and representing a tobacco-producing state were all associated with decreased support for tobacco control issues. The amount of tobacco money received was the variable most strongly and consistently associated with a lack of support for tobacco control legislation, even when we controlled for additional factors such as district location and party.
Tobacco industry contributions to members of the US Congress strongly influence the federal tobacco policy process. Unless this influence is diminished through a combination of members refusing tobacco money and campaign finance reform, this process of contributing to death by thwarting tobacco control will continue to claim hundreds of thousands of lives a year.
评估烟草行业竞选捐款、选区位置和政党归属对美国国会议员烟草控制立法的影响。
从联邦选举委员会获取数据，内容涉及10个主要烟草政治行动委员会以及与烟草行业有关联的个人在1991 - 1992年向美国众议院议员和1987 - 1992年向参议院议员提供的捐款。使用第102届和第103届国会期间有关烟草控制立法的记名投票、共同提案活动以及众议院烟草与健康问题特别工作组的成员身份作为因变量，将收到的烟草资金、政党、选区位置以及核心小组或委员会成员身份作为自变量，进行逻辑回归分析。
1991年和1992年的美国国会。
无。
对联邦烟草控制立法的支持情况。
1991年1月至1992年12月期间，烟草行业向国会议员捐款约240万美元。众议院议员平均收到2943美元（1991 - 1992年），参议院议员平均收到11593美元（1987 - 1992年）。一名议员收到的烟草资金越多，其支持烟草控制立法的可能性就越小。在参议院，就一项终止对军事商店烟草产品纳税人补贴的投票而言，烟草资金接收量处于前四分位的参议员不支持该措施的优势比相对于处于最低四分位的参议员为42.2（95%置信区间，4.1至430.0；P <.001）。在众议院，就一项终止350万美元国外推广美国烟草补贴的投票而言，烟草资金接收量处于前三分之一的众议院议员反对该立法的几率比处于最低三分之一的众议院议员高14.4倍（95%置信区间，5.5至39.0；P <.001）。收到更多烟草资金、身为共和党成员以及代表烟草生产州均与对烟草控制问题的支持减少相关。即使在我们控制了选区位置和政党等其他因素后，收到的烟草资金数额仍是与缺乏对烟草控制立法支持最强烈且最一致相关的变量。
烟草行业对美国国会议员的捐款强烈影响联邦烟草政策进程。除非通过议员拒绝烟草资金和竞选财务改革相结合的方式减少这种影响，否则这种通过阻碍烟草控制导致死亡的进程每年将继续夺走数十万人的生命。
