Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2011 Mar;101(3):404-11. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.196329. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
In 1986, the US Navy announced the goal of becoming smoke-free by 2000. However, efforts to restrict tobacco sales and use aboard the USS Roosevelt prompted tobacco industry lobbyists to persuade their allies in Congress to legislate that all naval ships must sell tobacco. Congress also removed control of ships' stores from the Navy. By 1993, the Navy abandoned its smoke-free goal entirely and promised smokers a place to smoke on all ships. Congressional complicity in promoting the agenda of the tobacco industry thwarted the Navy's efforts to achieve a healthy military workforce. Because of military lobbying constraints, civilian pressure on Congress may be necessary to establish effective tobacco control policies in the armed forces.
1986 年，美国海军宣布到 2000 年实现全面无烟化的目标。然而，美国海军罗斯福号军舰限制烟草销售和使用的举措，促使烟草业的说客们说服国会议员中的盟友立法规定所有海军军舰都必须出售烟草。国会还将军舰商店的控制权从海军手中夺走。到 1993 年，海军完全放弃了实现无烟化的目标，并承诺在所有军舰上为吸烟者提供吸烟场所。国会议员为烟草业议程提供共谋，这挫败了海军实现健康军人队伍的努力。由于军事游说的限制，可能需要对国会施加民间压力，才能在武装部队中建立有效的烟草控制政策。
