Schenk-Braat Ellen A M, Bangma Chris H
Department of Urology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Room Be 362, PO Box 1738, 3000, DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 May;54(5):414-23. doi: 10.1007/s00262-004-0621-x. Epub 2004 Nov 23.
The treatment of superficial bladder cancer requires adjuvant therapies besides transurethral resection because of a high recurrence rate after this standard treatment alone. Current adjuvant therapies involve intravesical chemotherapy for patients at low and intermediate risk for recurrence and progression, and intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin for patients at intermediate and high risk. However, these adjuvant therapies fail in a significant number of patients, dictating the need for new and improved adjuvant treatment modalities for superficial bladder cancer. Immunotherapy aiming at the modulation of the immune system of the patient is a promising alternative adjuvant. This review discusses the current status of the clinical development of various immunotherapy approaches for superficial bladder cancer, including passive immunotherapy, immune stimulants, immunogene therapy and cancer vaccination.
由于单纯经尿道切除术后浅表性膀胱癌的复发率较高,因此除经尿道切除外,还需要辅助治疗。目前的辅助治疗包括对复发和进展风险较低及中等的患者进行膀胱内化疗,以及对复发和进展风险中等及较高的患者进行膀胱内卡介苗治疗。然而,这些辅助治疗在相当多的患者中失败,这表明需要新的、改进的浅表性膀胱癌辅助治疗方式。旨在调节患者免疫系统的免疫疗法是一种有前景的替代辅助疗法。本文综述了浅表性膀胱癌各种免疫疗法的临床开发现状,包括被动免疫疗法、免疫刺激剂、免疫基因疗法和癌症疫苗接种。