Tungtrongchitr Anchalee, Sookrung Nitat, Munkong Nantiya, Mahakittikun Vanna, Chinabut Pisith, Chaicumpa Wanpen, Bunnag Chaweewan, Vichyanond Pakit
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2004 Jun-Sep;22(2-3):115-21.
Recently, cockroaches have been established as the second most Important allergen, producing allergic diseases, especially in low socioeconomic populations. In Thailand, about 44-61% of atopic patients were positive to cockroach extract by a skin-prick test. This study examined cockroach allergen levels in relation to cockroach species and allergic diseases in the houses of cockroach-sensitive patients. Sixty households of allergic patients in the Bangkok metropolitan area were surveyed using open- and closed-ended questionnaires. Cockroaches were collected using commercial cockroach traps, while dust samples were obtained from the bedrooms, kitchens and living rooms of the houses using a vacuum cleaner. The cockroaches were counted and their species Identified. The levels of cockroach allergens were determined by specific monoclonal antibodies using a monoclonal antibody-polyclonal antibody based sandwich ELISA kit. Six cockroach species were Identified: Periplaneta americana (American cockroach, 72.15%), Supella longlpalpa (2.75%, found in only one house), Periplaneta brunnea (0.78%), Periplaneta australaslae (0.78%), Neostylopyga rhombifolla (0.78%), Blattella germanica (German cockroach, 0.39%) and nymphs (22.35%). Allergens of the predominant species, P. americana, were detectable in all homes studied, with the highest levels in the kitchen areas. The range of allergen levels in house dust varied from 0.40-162.00 microg per g of dust. The median and mean allergen levels in kitchen dust were 59.16 microg and 62.80 microg per g of dust, respectively, while the median allergen level in bedroom dust was only 15.90 microg per g of dust. The German cockroach allergen (Bla g 2) was undetectable in any of the houses.
P. americana was the most common cockroach and may be the species causing allergic diseases, especially asthma, in Thailand, which differs from the USA and Europe
最近，蟑螂已被确认为第二大重要过敏原，会引发过敏性疾病，尤其是在社会经济地位较低的人群中。在泰国，约44%-61%的特应性患者皮肤点刺试验对蟑螂提取物呈阳性。本研究调查了对蟑螂敏感患者家中蟑螂过敏原水平与蟑螂种类及过敏性疾病的关系。使用开放式和封闭式问卷对曼谷都会区60户过敏患者家庭进行了调查。使用商用蟑螂诱捕器收集蟑螂，同时用吸尘器从房屋的卧室、厨房和客厅获取灰尘样本。对蟑螂进行计数并鉴定其种类。使用基于单克隆抗体-多克隆抗体的夹心ELISA试剂盒，通过特异性单克隆抗体测定蟑螂过敏原水平。鉴定出六种蟑螂：美洲大蠊（72.15%）、褐斑大蠊（仅在一户家庭中发现，占2.75%）、黑胸大蠊（0.78%）、澳洲大蠊（0.78%）、斑蠊（0.78%）、德国小蠊（0.39%）以及若虫（22.35%）。在所研究的所有家庭中均检测到了优势种美洲大蠊的过敏原，厨房区域的水平最高。房屋灰尘中过敏原水平范围为每克灰尘0.40 - 162.00微克。厨房灰尘中过敏原水平的中位数和平均值分别为每克灰尘59.16微克和62.80微克，而卧室灰尘中过敏原水平的中位数仅为每克灰尘15.90微克。在所调查的任何房屋中均未检测到德国小蠊过敏原（Bla g 2）。
美洲大蠊是最常见的蟑螂种类，可能是泰国引发过敏性疾病尤其是哮喘的蟑螂种类，这与美国和欧洲不同。
