MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Dec 17;53(49):1156-8.
Despite advances in medical treatment, influenza results in approximately 36,000 deaths each year in the United States. Vaccination has been a mainstay of influenza prevention, with annual vaccination recommended for adults and children at high risk; efforts to interrupt person-to-person transmission are also important. In October 2003, CDC recommended that health-care facilities implement a Universal Respiratory Hygiene Strategy, including providing masks or facial tissues in waiting rooms to persons with respiratory symptoms. To gather information on influenza-like illness (ILI) and attitudes regarding prevention of ILI (including use of vaccine and respiratory hygiene), CDC and 11 Emerging Infections Programs (EIPs) conducted a random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized U.S. civilian adults in February 2004. This report summarizes the results of that survey, which determined that 43% of adults and 69% of children aged 6 months-17 years with ILI visited a health-care provider for the illness. Eight percent of adults with ILI reported having been asked by a health-care provider to wear a mask; 82% said they would wear a mask if requested. With the limited availability of influenza vaccine this season, the use of masks by persons with cough illnesses in health-care settings, a component of the Universal Respiratory Hygiene Strategy, might be a helpful and acceptable method for decreasing influenza transmission.
尽管医学治疗取得了进展，但在美国，流感每年仍导致约36,000人死亡。接种疫苗一直是预防流感的主要手段，建议高危成年人和儿童每年接种疫苗；阻断人际传播的努力也很重要。2003年10月，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）建议医疗机构实施通用呼吸道卫生策略，包括在候诊室为有呼吸道症状的人提供口罩或面巾纸。为了收集有关流感样疾病（ILI）以及对ILI预防的态度（包括疫苗使用和呼吸道卫生）的信息，CDC和11个新发传染病项目（EIP）在2004年2月对美国非机构化成年平民进行了随机数字拨号电话调查。本报告总结了该调查的结果，该结果确定，患有ILI的成年人中有43%以及6个月至17岁的儿童中有69%因该疾病前往医疗机构就诊。患有ILI的成年人中有8%报告称曾被医护人员要求佩戴口罩；82%的人表示如果被要求会佩戴口罩。鉴于本季节流感疫苗供应有限，在医疗机构中咳嗽患者佩戴口罩作为通用呼吸道卫生策略的一部分，可能是减少流感传播的一种有用且可接受的方法。
