Reynolds Chandra A, Finkel Deborah, McArdle John J, Gatz Margaret, Berg Stig, Pedersen Nancy L
Department of Psychology, University of California, 1344 Olmstead Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2005 Jan;41(1):3-16. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.41.1.3.
Though many cognitive abilities exhibit marked decline over the adult years, individual differences in rates of change have been observed. In the current study, biometrical latent growth models were used to examine sources of variability for ability level (intercept) and change (linear and quadratic effects) for verbal, fluid, memory, and perceptual speed abilities in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Genetic influences were more important for ability level at age 65 and quadratic change than for linear slope at age 65. Expected variance components indicated decreasing genetic and increasing nonshared environmental variation over age. Exceptions included one verbal and two memory measures that showed increasing genetic and nonshared environmental variance. The present findings provide support for theories of the increasing influence of the environment with age on cognitive abilities.
尽管许多认知能力在成年后会出现显著下降，但人们已经观察到变化速率存在个体差异。在当前的研究中，生物统计学潜在增长模型被用于检验瑞典老年收养/双胞胎研究中言语、流体、记忆和感知速度能力的能力水平（截距）和变化（线性和二次效应）的变异性来源。在65岁时，遗传影响对能力水平和二次变化比对65岁时的线性斜率更为重要。预期方差成分表明，随着年龄增长，遗传方差减少，非共享环境方差增加。例外情况包括一项言语测量和两项记忆测量，它们显示出遗传和非共享环境方差增加。本研究结果为环境对认知能力的影响随年龄增长而增加的理论提供了支持。
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