Jeannin André, Narring Françoise, Tschumper Annemarie, Bonivento Laura Inderwildi, Addor Véronique, Bütikofer Andrea, Suris Joan-Carles, Diserens Chantal, Alsaker Françoise, van Melle Guy, Michaud Pierre-André
Research Group on Adolescent Health (IUMSP/GRSA), University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2005 Jan 8;135(1-2):11-8. doi: 10.4414/smw.2005.10846.
The second Swiss Multicenter Adolescent Survey on Health (SMASH02) was conducted among a representative sample (n = 7428) of students and apprentices aged 16 to 20 from the three language areas of Switzerland during the year 2002. This paper reports on health needs expressed by adolescents and their use of health care services over the 12 months preceding the survey.
Nineteen cantons representing 80% of the resident population agreed to participate. A complex iterative random cluster sample of 600 classes was drawn with classes as primary sampling unit. The participation rate was 97.7% for the classes and 99.8% for the youths in attendance. The self-administered questionnaire included 565 items. The median rate of item non-response was 1.8%. Ethical and legal requirements applying to surveys of adolescent populations were respected.
Overall more than 90% of adolescents felt in good to excellent health. Suffering often or very often from different physical complaints or pain was also reported such as headache (boys: 15.9%, girls: 37.4%), stomach-ache (boys: 9.7%, girls: 30.0%), joint pain (boys: 24.7%, girls: 29.5%) or back pain (boys: 24.3%, girls: 34.7%). Many adolescents reported a need for help on psychosocial and lifestyle issues, such as stress (boys: 28.5%, girls: 47.7%) or depression (boys: 18.9%, girls: 34.4%). Although about 75% of adolescents reported having consulted a general practitioner and about one-third having seen another specialist, reported reasons for visits do not correspond to the expressed needs. Less than 10% of adolescents had visited a psychiatrist, a family planning centre or a social worker.
The reported rates of health services utilisation by adolescents does not match the substantial reported needs for help in various areas. This may indicate that the corresponding problems are not adequately detected and/or addressed by professionals from the health and social sectors.
2002年，瑞士第二次多中心青少年健康调查（SMASH02）在来自瑞士三个语言区、年龄在16至20岁的学生和学徒的代表性样本（n = 7428）中进行。本文报告了青少年在调查前12个月内表达的健康需求及其对医疗保健服务的使用情况。
代表80%常住人口的19个州同意参与。以班级为主要抽样单位，抽取了600个班级的复杂迭代随机整群样本。班级参与率为97.7%，出席的青少年参与率为99.8%。自填问卷包括565个项目。项目无回答的中位数率为1.8%。遵守了适用于青少年人群调查的伦理和法律要求。
总体而言，超过90%的青少年感觉健康状况良好至极佳。也有报告称经常或非常经常遭受不同的身体不适或疼痛，如头痛（男孩：15.9%，女孩：37.4%）、胃痛（男孩：9.7%，女孩：30.0%）、关节痛（男孩：24.7%，女孩：29.5%）或背痛（男孩：24.3%，女孩：34.7%）。许多青少年报告在心理社会和生活方式问题上需要帮助，如压力（男孩：28.5%，女孩：47.7%）或抑郁（男孩：18.9%，女孩：34.4%）。尽管约75%的青少年报告曾咨询过全科医生，约三分之一的青少年看过其他专科医生，但报告的就诊原因与表达的需求不相符。不到10%的青少年看过精神科医生、去过计划生育中心或咨询过社会工作者。
报告的青少年医疗服务利用率与在各个领域报告的大量求助需求不匹配。这可能表明健康和社会部门的专业人员没有充分发现和/或解决相应问题。
