Mosleh Yahia Y, Paris-Palacios Séverine, Couderchet Michel, Biagianti-Risbourg Sylvie, Vernet Guy
Laboratoire d'Eco-Toxicologie, Unité de Recherche sur la Vigne et le Vin de Champagne EA 2069, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 02, France.
Environ Pollut. 2005 May;135(1):73-82. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.10.012.
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of fenhexamid (0.1, 1, and 10 mg L(-1)) on growth, oxidative stress, protein, glycogen, and metallothionein (MT) contents in Tubifex tubifex after an exposure of 2, 4, and 7 days. In addition, residues of the fungicide were followed in water and in the worms. In water, fenhexamid concentration decreased slowly (maximum -2 +/- 0.03% after 2 days for 1 mg L(-1)). In the worms, it increased after 4 days and decreased thereafter, confirming that the worms were exposed to the fungicide and not to a degradation product. LC50 values were between 95.22 +/- 5.36 and 32.11 +/- 1.8 mg L(-1) depending on exposure time. Exposure to fenhexamid had a negative effect on T. tubifex growth (maximum effect -12.2 +/- 0.8% after 7 days with 10 mg L(-1)) demonstrating the toxic effect of the pesticide. This growth rate decrease was accompanied by a reduction in protein and glycogen contents. The activity of catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) increased in response to the fungicide demonstrating an oxidative stress in the worms. In contrast glutathion-S-transferase activity (GST) decreased. Exposure to fenhexamid also induced synthesis of MT (maximum +78 +/- 8% after 2 days for 10 mg L(-1)). The specificity of MT concentration increase in response to metals is discussed.
进行了实验室研究，以确定不同浓度的苯酰菌胺（0.1、1和10 mg L⁻¹）在暴露2、4和7天后对颤蚓生长、氧化应激、蛋白质、糖原和金属硫蛋白（MT）含量的影响。此外，还对水中和蠕虫体内的杀菌剂残留进行了追踪。在水中，苯酰菌胺浓度缓慢下降（1 mg L⁻¹的浓度在2天后下降最多，为-2±0.03%）。在蠕虫体内，4天后浓度升高，之后下降，这证实蠕虫接触的是杀菌剂而非降解产物。根据暴露时间的不同，半数致死浓度（LC50）值在95.22±5.36至32.11±1.8 mg L⁻¹之间。暴露于苯酰菌胺对颤蚓生长有负面影响（10 mg L⁻¹浓度下，7天后最大影响为-12.2±0.8%），表明该农药具有毒性作用。这种生长速率的下降伴随着蛋白质和糖原含量的减少。过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）的活性因杀菌剂而增加，表明蠕虫体内存在氧化应激。相比之下，谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性（GST）下降。暴露于苯酰菌胺还诱导了MT的合成（10 mg L⁻¹浓度下，2天后最大增加量为+78±8%）。文中讨论了MT浓度增加对金属的特异性反应。
