Widdowson Marc-Alain, Sulka Alana, Bulens Sandra N, Beard R Suzanne, Chaves Sandra S, Hammond Roberta, Salehi Ellen D P, Swanson Ellen, Totaro Jessica, Woron Ray, Mead Paul S, Bresee Joseph S, Monroe Stephan S, Glass Roger I
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jan;11(1):95-102. doi: 10.3201/eid1101.040426.
Efforts to prevent foodborne illness target bacterial pathogens, yet noroviruses (NoV) are suspected to be the most common cause of gastroenteritis. New molecular assays allow for better estimation of the role of NoV in foodborne illness. We analyzed 8,271 foodborne outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1991 to 2000 and additional data from 6 states. The proportion of NoV-confirmed outbreaks increased from 1% in 1991 to 12% in 2000. However, from 1998 to 2000, 76% of NoV outbreaks were reported by only 11 states. In 2000, an estimated 50% of foodborne outbreaks in 6 states were attributable to NoV. NoV outbreaks were larger than bacterial outbreaks (median persons affected: 25 versus 15), and 10% of affected persons sought medical care; 1% were hospitalized. More widespread use of molecular assays will permit better estimates of the role of NoV illness and help direct efforts to control foodborne illness.
预防食源性疾病的工作主要针对细菌病原体，但诺如病毒（NoV）被怀疑是肠胃炎最常见的病因。新的分子检测方法有助于更准确地评估诺如病毒在食源性疾病中的作用。我们分析了1991年至2000年向疾病控制与预防中心报告的8271起食源性疾病暴发事件以及来自6个州的其他数据。诺如病毒确诊的暴发事件比例从1991年的1%增至2000年的12%。然而，在1998年至2000年期间，76%的诺如病毒暴发事件仅由11个州报告。2000年，估计6个州50%的食源性疾病暴发事件可归因于诺如病毒。诺如病毒暴发事件比细菌暴发事件规模更大（受影响人数中位数：25人对15人），10%的受影响者寻求医疗救治，1%的人住院治疗。更广泛地使用分子检测方法将有助于更准确地评估诺如病毒疾病的作用，并有助于指导控制食源性疾病的工作。
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