Menzel Randolf, Greggers Uwe, Smith Alan, Berger Sandra, Brandt Robert, Brunke Sascha, Bundrock Gesine, Hülse Sandra, Plümpe Tobias, Schaupp Frank, Schüttler Elke, Stach Silke, Stindt Jan, Stollhoff Nicola, Watzl Sebastian
Institut für Biologie, Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 28/30, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Feb 22;102(8):3040-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0408550102. Epub 2005 Feb 14.
By using harmonic radar, we report the complete flight paths of displaced bees. Test bees forage at a feeder or are recruited by a waggle dance indicating the feeder. The flights are recorded after the bees are captured when leaving the hive or the feeder and are released at an unexpected release site. A sequence of behavioral routines become apparent: (i) initial straight flights in which they fly the course that they were on when captured (foraging bees) or that they learned during dance communication (recruited bees); (ii) slow search flights with frequent changes of direction in which they attempt to "get their bearings"; and (iii) straight and rapid flights directed either to the hive or first to the feeding station and then to the hive. These straight homing flights start at locations all around the hive and at distances far out of the visual catchment area around the hive or the feeding station. Two essential criteria of a map-like spatial memory are met by these results: bees can set course at any arbitrary location in their familiar area, and they can choose between at least two goals. This finding suggests a rich, map-like organization of spatial memory in navigating honey bees.
通过使用谐波雷达，我们报告了被转移蜜蜂的完整飞行路径。测试蜜蜂在喂食器处觅食或被指示喂食器位置的摇摆舞招募。当蜜蜂离开蜂巢或喂食器时被捕获，然后在一个意想不到的释放地点释放，此时记录它们的飞行情况。一系列行为模式变得明显：（i）最初的直线飞行，在这种飞行中，它们沿着被捕获时（觅食蜜蜂）所在的路线飞行，或者沿着在舞蹈交流中学习到的路线飞行（被招募的蜜蜂）；（ii）缓慢的搜索飞行，频繁改变方向，在这种飞行中它们试图“确定自己的方位”；（iii）直接快速飞向蜂巢，或者先飞向喂食站然后再飞向蜂巢。这些直接的归巢飞行从蜂巢周围的各个位置开始，并且在蜂巢或喂食站周围视觉捕捉区域之外的距离处开始。这些结果满足了类似地图的空间记忆的两个基本标准：蜜蜂可以在其熟悉区域的任何任意位置设定路线，并且它们可以在至少两个目标之间进行选择。这一发现表明，在导航的蜜蜂中存在丰富的、类似地图的空间记忆组织。
