Menzel R, Brandt R, Gumbert A, Komischke B, Kunze J
Institut für Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2000 May 22;267(1447):961-8. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1097.
Insect navigation is thought to be based on an egocentric reference system which relates vector information derived from path integration to views of landmarks experienced en route and at the goal. Here we show that honeybees also possess an allocentric form of spatial memory which allows localization of multiple places relative to the intended goal, the hive. The egocentric route memory, which is called the specialized route memory (SRM) here, initially dominates navigation when an animal is first trained to a feeding site and then released at an unexpected site and this is why it is the only reference system detected so far in experiments with bees. However, the SRM can be replaced by an allocentric spatial memory called the general landscape memory (GLM). The GLM is directly accessible to the honeybee (and to the experimenter) if no SRM exists, for example, if bees were not trained along a route before testing. Under these conditions bees return to the hive from all directions around the hive at a speed comparable to that of an equally long flight along a trained route. The flexible use of the GLM indicates that bees may store relational information on places, connections between landmarks and the hive and/or views of landmarks from different directions and, thus, the GLM may have a graph structure, at least with respect to one goal, i.e. the hive.
昆虫导航被认为是基于一种以自我为中心的参考系统，该系统将路径积分得出的矢量信息与沿途及目标处经历的地标视图相关联。在这里，我们表明蜜蜂还拥有一种以环境为中心的空间记忆形式，这种记忆允许相对于预期目标——蜂巢来定位多个地点。当动物首次被训练到一个觅食地点，然后在一个意想不到的地点被释放时，这里称为专门路线记忆（SRM）的以自我为中心的路线记忆最初主导导航，这就是为什么它是迄今为止在蜜蜂实验中检测到的唯一参考系统。然而，SRM可以被一种称为一般景观记忆（GLM）的以环境为中心的空间记忆所取代。如果不存在SRM，例如，如果蜜蜂在测试前没有沿着路线进行训练，GLM对蜜蜂（以及实验者）来说是直接可及的。在这些条件下，蜜蜂从蜂巢周围的各个方向返回蜂巢，速度与沿着训练路线飞行同样长的距离时的速度相当。GLM的灵活使用表明，蜜蜂可能存储有关地点的关系信息、地标与蜂巢之间的连接以及/或者来自不同方向的地标视图，因此，GLM可能至少相对于一个目标，即蜂巢，具有一种图形结构。
