Smith Warren D, Berguer Ramon, Nguyen Ninh T
Biomedical Engineering, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819-6019, USA.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2005;111:498-501.
This study investigated the effect of monitor height on surgeons' workload and performance during simulated minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Fourteen volunteer subjects (7 experienced, 7 inexperienced) performed a cutting task in a training box at a standard MIS station with the video monitor positioned in random order at, below (-35 degrees), and above (+15 degrees) the subject's eye level. Task time and error, difficulty and discomfort, head orientation, trapezius and neck muscle activity, and skin conductance were recorded. The experienced subjects performed the task faster, with less error, and with less difficulty than did the inexperienced subjects. For the experienced subjects, error decreased when the monitor was lowered. Difficulty and discomfort increased at the high monitor position. As the monitor was lowered, the head pitched forward, and paraspinal cervical muscle activity increased. Variability in sternocleidomastoid activity increased both at the low and high monitor positions. The results show that monitor height affects both performance and workload. The monitor should be lowered to reduce error and task difficulty but not so low as to produce excessive neck flexion.
本研究调查了在模拟微创手术（MIS）过程中，显示器高度对外科医生工作量和操作表现的影响。14名志愿者受试者（7名经验丰富者，7名经验不足者）在一个训练箱中，于标准MIS工作站执行一项切割任务，视频显示器以随机顺序放置在受试者眼睛水平位置、低于眼睛水平（-35度）以及高于眼睛水平（+15度）处。记录了任务时间、错误情况、难度和不适感、头部方向、斜方肌和颈部肌肉活动以及皮肤电导率。经验丰富的受试者完成任务的速度更快，错误更少，难度也比经验不足的受试者更低。对于经验丰富的受试者，当显示器降低时错误减少。在显示器位置较高时，难度和不适感增加。随着显示器降低，头部向前倾斜，颈旁肌活动增加。在显示器位置较低和较高时，胸锁乳突肌活动的变异性均增加。结果表明，显示器高度会影响操作表现和工作量。应降低显示器高度以减少错误和任务难度，但不能过低以至于导致颈部过度弯曲。
