Simar D, Malatesta D, Dauvilliers Y, Préfaut C, Varray A, Caillaud C
UPRES 2991, Sport Performance et Santé, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, 700 av. du Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France.
Int J Sports Med. 2005 Mar;26(2):128-33. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-817860.
Master athletes are often considered to represent the ideal rate of decline of aerobic function; however, most of the studies interested in active elderly people are often limited to people younger than 75. We aimed to determine the physiological adaptations and aerobic fitness in a selected European population of active octogenarians during maximal and submaximal exercise tests. Aerobic capacity was measured during maximal incremental tests on treadmill (TR) and cycle-ergometer (CE) and functional capacity during a 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) in 17 subjects aged 81.2 +/- 0.8 years. Pulmonary gas exchange and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured during the different exercise tests. Maximal oxygen consumption (V.O (2max)) on TR and CE was significantly higher than predicted values (TR: 28.7 +/- 1.2 vs. 17 +/- 0.5 ml . kg (-1) . min (-1); CE: 23 +/- 1.2 vs. 16 +/- 0.6 ml . kg (-1) . min (-1) for measured and predicted values respectively). V.O (2max) and HR (max), as well as V.O (2) and HR at the ventilatory threshold (V.O (2)T (V.E) and HR T (V.E)) were significantly higher on TR than on CE (HR (max): 144 +/- 4 vs. 138 +/- 4 bpm; V.O (2)T (V.E): 22.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 17.7 +/- 0.9 ml . kg (-1) . min (-1) for TR and CE respectively). V.O (2)T (V.E) and HR T (V.E) on TR were equivalent to V.O (2) and HR measured during the 6-MWT. HR T (V.E) on TR and mean HR during the 6-MWT were strongly correlated (R = 0.82, p < 0.01). Maintenance of regular physical activity provides high aerobic fitness, in octogenarians, as was shown by the higher values of our subjects in comparison to predicted values. Moreover, the close relation between the intensity developed at T (V.E) on TR and 6-MWT could support the idea that a walk test is a submaximal test performed at high intensity that could provide a basis for exercise prescription in an individualized manner in active elderly people.
高龄运动员通常被认为代表了有氧功能下降的理想速率；然而，大多数针对活跃老年人的研究往往局限于75岁以下的人群。我们旨在确定一组特定的欧洲活跃八旬老人在最大和次最大运动测试中的生理适应性和有氧适能。对17名年龄为81.2±0.8岁的受试者进行了跑步机（TR）和自行车测力计（CE）的最大递增测试以测量有氧能力，以及6分钟步行测试（6-MWT）以测量功能能力。在不同的运动测试过程中持续测量肺气体交换和心率（HR）。TR和CE上的最大耗氧量（V.O₂max）显著高于预测值（TR：实测值28.7±1.2 vs. 预测值17±0.5 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹；CE：实测值23±1.2 vs. 预测值16±0.6 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）。TR上的V.O₂max和HR（max），以及通气阈值时的V.O₂和HR（V.O₂T（V.E）和HR T（V.E））显著高于CE（HR（max）：144±4 vs. 138±4次/分钟；V.O₂T（V.E）：TR为22.5±0.8 vs. CE为17.7±0.9 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）。TR上的V.O₂T（V.E）和HR T（V.E）等同于6-MWT期间测量的V.O₂和HR。TR上的HR T（V.E）与6-MWT期间的平均HR密切相关（R = 0.82，p < 0.01）。与预测值相比，我们受试者的较高数值表明，维持规律的体育活动能使八旬老人具有较高的有氧适能。此外，TR上在V.E时所达到的强度与6-MWT之间的密切关系可能支持这样一种观点，即步行测试是一种在高强度下进行的次最大测试，可为活跃老年人的个性化运动处方提供依据。
