Laski Vivien, Ureczky Dóra, Wilhelm Márta
Doctoral School of Biology and Sport Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary.
Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Mar 30;12(4):96. doi: 10.3390/sports12040096.
Artistic swimming is an Olympic sport requiring a high level of fitness, as well as technical skills, artistry, flexibility, a good sense of rhythm, remarkable lung capacity and physical strength. The artistic swimming of adolescents has been largely untouched by the scientific community, so training this group based on scientific data is difficult. Due to the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, this study aimed to measure the technical elements, strength parameters, and swimming performance of young artistic swimmers and to compare swimming performance and strength with the quality of artistic element performances. Hungarian female junior artistic swimmers (14.36 ± 1.01 year) participated in this study. Swimming tests were performed, and three basic elements (body boost, barracuda, and vertical position) were scored. A negative correlation was found between 100 m freestyle swimming times and vertical position scores, as well as between 50 m breaststroke leg swimming times and body boost scores. Moreover, three months of breaststroke leg swim training resulted in improvements in body boost performance. In addition, a positive correlation was found between mean hand grip strength and barracuda scores, as well as between vertical position scores. According to the results of three months of breaststroke leg training, swimming practice improves artistic swimming performance by itself. A correlation was found between strength parameters and the execution of synchro elements, showing the importance of complex training strategies in this sport.
花样游泳是一项奥运会项目，需要高水平的身体素质，以及技术技巧、艺术表现力、柔韧性、良好的节奏感、出色的肺活量和体力。科学界在很大程度上尚未涉足青少年花样游泳领域，因此基于科学数据对这一群体进行训练很困难。由于理论知识与实际应用之间存在差距，本研究旨在测量年轻花样游泳运动员的技术要素、力量参数和游泳表现，并将游泳表现和力量与艺术元素表现质量进行比较。匈牙利女子青少年花样游泳运动员（14.36±1.01岁）参与了本研究。进行了游泳测试，并对三个基本要素（身体助推、梭鱼式和垂直姿势）进行了评分。发现100米自由泳时间与垂直姿势得分之间以及50米蛙泳腿部游泳时间与身体助推得分之间存在负相关。此外，三个月的蛙泳腿部游泳训练使身体助推表现得到改善。此外，发现平均握力与梭鱼式得分之间以及垂直姿势得分之间存在正相关。根据三个月蛙泳腿部训练的结果，游泳练习本身就能提高花样游泳表现。发现力量参数与同步元素的执行之间存在相关性，这表明了复杂训练策略在这项运动中的重要性。
