Jagomägi Gennadi, Jürimäe Toivo
Chair of Sport Pedagogy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Anthropol Anz. 2005 Jun;63(2):213-9.
The aim of this investigation was to study the possible relationships between anthropometry, flexibility and specific swimming results in female breaststroke swimmers. Subjects were 125 female breaststroke swimmers in age of 11-18 years. Body height and mass were measured and BMI (kg/m2 ) and Broca index (body height in cm - 100 = weight in kg) were calculated. The flexibility of hip external rotation, knee external rotation, ankle dorsal flexion and ankle supination were measured with plastic goniometer. 100 m breaststroke swimming using kickboard and legs only was used as a swimming performance parameter. The number of kicks was also fixed. Horizontal jumping ability was measured using a simple standing broad jump (cm) minus body height (cm). As a rule, flexibility in different joints did not depend on anthropometrical parameters. Only knee external rotation and ankle dorsal flexion correlated significantly with body mass (r = -0.221 and r = -0.210, respectively) and BMI (r = 0.242 and r = 0.204, respectively). The relationship between flexibility in different joints, as a rule, was not significant. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that from the used anthropometrical parameters the most important was the body height, which explained 11.1% (R2 x 100) of the 100 m breaststroke swim results using legs only. The most important parameter from the measured flexibility indices was knee external rotation (11.1%, R2 x 100). Combination of knee external rotation and ankle supination increased the determination coefficient to 24.4%. Finally, three flexibility measures (knee external rotation, ankle supination, hip external rotation) explained the swimming results by 28.2% (R2 x 100). It was concluded that the good flexibility is more important than single anthropometrical parameters when explaining the breaststroke swimming results using kickboard and legs only.
本研究旨在探讨女子蛙泳运动员的人体测量学指标、柔韧性与特定游泳成绩之间的可能关系。研究对象为125名年龄在11至18岁之间的女子蛙泳运动员。测量了身高和体重，并计算了体重指数（kg/m²）和布罗卡指数（身高厘米数 - 100 = 体重千克数）。使用塑料量角器测量髋关节外旋、膝关节外旋、踝关节背屈和踝关节旋后的柔韧性。仅使用踢水板和腿部进行100米蛙泳作为游泳成绩参数，踢腿次数也固定。使用简单的立定跳远（厘米数）减去身高（厘米数）来测量水平跳跃能力。通常，不同关节的柔韧性并不取决于人体测量学参数。只有膝关节外旋和踝关节背屈与体重（分别为r = -0.221和r = -0.210）以及体重指数（分别为r = 0.242和r = 0.204）显著相关。通常，不同关节柔韧性之间的关系并不显著。逐步多元回归分析表明，在所使用的人体测量学参数中，最重要的是身高，它解释了仅使用腿部进行100米蛙泳成绩的11.1%（R²×100）。在所测量的柔韧性指标中，最重要的参数是膝关节外旋（11.1%，R²×100）。膝关节外旋和踝关节旋后的组合使决定系数提高到24.4%。最后，三项柔韧性指标（膝关节外旋、踝关节旋后、髋关节外旋）解释了游泳成绩的28.2%（R²×100）。研究得出结论，在解释仅使用踢水板和腿部的蛙泳成绩时，良好的柔韧性比单一的人体测量学参数更重要。
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