Pulapura S, Kohn J
Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855.
J Biomater Appl. 1992 Jan;6(3):216-50. doi: 10.1177/088532829200600303.
The gradual shift from biostable prostheses to degradable, temporary implants represents one of the most significant trends in biomaterials research. In view of this trend, medical applications of degradable implant materials were reviewed with special emphasis on orthopedic polymeric implants. Among the polymeric implant materials derived from natural sources, collagen, various polysaccharides such as cellulose, and microbial polyesters have been intensively investigated. Among the synthetic, degradable polymers, aliphatic polyesters such as poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), poly(caprolactone) and polydioxanone, are most commonly investigated. Only recently, several new classes of polymers such as poly(ortho esters), polyanhydrides, and degradable polycarbonates have been introduced as potential implant materials. A particularly versatile group of new biomaterials with promising engineering properties are the "pseudo"-poly(amino acids), amino acid derived polymers in which conventional peptide bonds have been replaced by various chemical linkages.
从生物稳定假体向可降解的临时植入物的逐渐转变是生物材料研究中最显著的趋势之一。鉴于这一趋势，对可降解植入材料的医学应用进行了综述，特别强调了骨科聚合物植入物。在源自天然来源的聚合物植入材料中，胶原蛋白、各种多糖（如纤维素）和微生物聚酯受到了深入研究。在合成的可降解聚合物中，脂肪族聚酯如聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸、聚己内酯和聚二氧六环酮是研究最多的。直到最近，几种新型聚合物如聚原酸酯、聚酸酐和可降解聚碳酸酯才作为潜在的植入材料被引入。一组具有前景的工程特性的特别通用的新型生物材料是“伪”聚氨基酸，即氨基酸衍生的聚合物，其中传统的肽键已被各种化学键所取代。
