Wenger Jay L, Yarbrough Terrance D
University of West Alabama, Livingston, USA.
J Soc Psychol. 2005 Feb;145(1):5-16. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.145.1.5-16.
Explicit cognitions are those that occur with intention and conscious awareness; implicit cognitions occur without such intention and awareness. Whereas some investigations have demonstrated consistencies between beliefs maintained at these two levels of awareness, others have demonstrated inconsistencies. In the present research, participants performed a speeded-response task, a variation of the Implicit Association Test (A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, & J. L. K. Schwartz, 1998), to evaluate their implicit identification with intrinsic and extrinsic religious motivations. Also, participants completed a self-report measure to evaluate their corresponding tendencies toward explicit motivations. The results provided evidence for consistency between participants' implicit identification and their explicit identification with intrinsic and extrinsic religious motivations. The finding of this consistency has implications for the relationship between intrinsic religiousness and social-desirability effects.
显性认知是那些有意发生且有自觉意识的认知；隐性认知则在没有这种意图和意识的情况下发生。尽管一些研究表明在这两种意识水平上持有的信念之间存在一致性，但其他研究则表明存在不一致性。在本研究中，参与者进行了一项快速反应任务，这是内隐联想测验（A.G.格林沃尔德、D.E.麦吉和J.L.K.施瓦茨，1998年）的一种变体，以评估他们对内在和外在宗教动机的内隐认同。此外，参与者完成了一项自我报告测量，以评估他们对显性动机的相应倾向。结果为参与者对内在和外在宗教动机的内隐认同与显性认同之间的一致性提供了证据。这一一致性的发现对内在宗教性与社会期望效应之间的关系具有启示意义。
