Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Jul;99(1):148-61. doi: 10.1037/a0019702.
In 3 experiments, participants reacted with religious zeal to anxious uncertainty threats that have caused reactive approach motivation (RAM) in past research (see McGregor, Nash, Mann, & Phills, 2010, for implicit, explicit, and neural evidence of RAM). In Study 1, results were specific to religious ideals and did not extend to merely superstitious beliefs. Effects were most pronounced among the most anxious and uncertainty-averse participants in Study 1 and among the most approach-motivated participants in Study 2 (i.e., with high Promotion Focus, Behavioral Activation, Action Orientation, and Self-Esteem Scale scores). In Studies 2 and 3, anxious uncertainty threats amplified even the most jingoistic and extreme aspects of religious zeal. In Study 3, reactive religious zeal occurred only among participants who reported feeling disempowered in their everyday goals in life. Results support a RAM view of empowered religious idealism for anxiety management (cf. Armstrong, 2000; Inzlicht, McGregor, Hirsch, & Nash, 2009).
在三个实验中，参与者对过去研究中引起反应性趋近动机（RAM）的焦虑不确定性威胁表现出宗教狂热（参见 McGregor、Nash、Mann 和 Phills，2010，关于 RAM 的内隐、外显和神经证据）。在研究 1 中，结果仅针对宗教理想，而不适用于仅仅是迷信的信仰。在研究 1 中最焦虑和最厌恶不确定性的参与者以及在研究 2 中最具趋近动机的参与者中，效果最为显著（即，具有高促进焦点、行为激活、行动取向和自尊量表得分）。在研究 2 和 3 中，焦虑不确定性威胁甚至放大了宗教狂热的最军国主义和极端的方面。在研究 3 中，只有那些在日常生活目标中感到无能为力的参与者才会表现出反应性的宗教狂热。研究结果支持 RAM 观点，即对于焦虑管理来说，宗教理想主义是有权力的（参见 Armstrong，2000；Inzlicht、McGregor、Hirsch 和 Nash，2009）。
