Pirutinsky Steven, Carp Sean, Rosmarin David H
Graduate School of Social Work, Touro College, 27 West 23rd Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
Center for Anxiety, New York, NY, USA.
J Relig Health. 2017 Feb;56(1):305-319. doi: 10.1007/s10943-016-0303-y.
Psychological research on the relationship between spirituality/religion and mental health has grown considerably over the past several decades and now constitutes a sizable body of scholarship. Among dimensions of S/R, positive beliefs about God have been significantly related to better mental health outcomes, and conversely negative beliefs about God are generally associated with more distress. However, prior research on this topic has relied heavily upon self-report Likert-type scales, which are vulnerable to self-report biases and measure only explicit cognitive processes. In this study, we developed and validated an implicit social cognition task, the Positive/Negative God Go/No-go Association Task (PNG-GNAT), for use in psychological research on spirituality and religion (S/R). Preliminary evidence in a large sample (N = 381) suggests that the PNG-GNAT demonstrates internal consistency, test-retest and split-half reliability, and concurrent evidence of validity. Further, our results suggest that PNG-GNAT scores represent different underlying dimensions of S/R than explicit self-report measures, and incrementally predict mental health above and beyond self-report assessment. The PNG-GNAT appears to be an effective tool for measuring implicit positive/negative beliefs about God.
在过去几十年中，关于灵性/宗教与心理健康之间关系的心理学研究有了显著增长，如今已形成了大量的学术成果。在灵性/宗教的诸多维度中，对上帝的积极信念与更好的心理健康结果显著相关，相反，对上帝的消极信念通常与更多的痛苦相关。然而，此前关于这一主题的研究严重依赖自我报告的李克特式量表，这类量表容易受到自我报告偏差的影响，且仅测量显性认知过程。在本研究中，我们开发并验证了一种用于灵性与宗教心理学研究的内隐社会认知任务——积极/消极上帝执行/不执行联想任务（PNG-GNAT）。来自一个大样本（N = 381）的初步证据表明，PNG-GNAT具有内部一致性、重测信度和分半信度，以及同时效度证据。此外，我们的结果表明，PNG-GNAT分数所代表的灵性/宗教潜在维度与显性自我报告测量不同，并且在自我报告评估之外还能逐步预测心理健康。PNG-GNAT似乎是一种测量对上帝内隐积极/消极信念的有效工具。
