Moghaddam Fathali M
Department of Psychology, White Gravenor Building, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Am Psychol. 2005 Feb-Mar;60(2):161-9. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.2.161.
To foster a more in-depth understanding of the psychological processes leading to terrorism, the author conceptualizes the terrorist act as the final step on a narrowing staircase. Although the vast majority of people, even when feeling deprived and unfairly treated, remain on the ground floor, some individuals climb up and are eventually recruited into terrorist organizations. These individuals believe they have no effective voice in society, are encouraged by leaders to displace aggression onto out-groups, and become socialized to see terrorist organizations as legitimate and out-group members as evil. The current policy of focusing on individuals already at the top of the staircase brings only short-term gains. The best long-term policy against terrorism is prevention, which is made possible by nourishing contextualized democracy on the ground floor.
为了更深入地理解导致恐怖主义的心理过程，作者将恐怖主义行为概念化为狭窄楼梯上的最后一步。尽管绝大多数人，即使在感到被剥夺权利和受到不公平对待时，仍停留在底层，但一些人会向上攀爬，最终被招募进恐怖组织。这些人认为他们在社会中没有有效的发声渠道，受到领导人的鼓励将攻击性转向外部群体，并逐渐被社会化，将恐怖组织视为合法的，将外部群体成员视为邪恶的。目前专注于楼梯顶端已有的个人的政策只会带来短期收益。打击恐怖主义的最佳长期政策是预防，这通过在底层培育情境化民主得以实现。
