Gooding Diane C, Shea Heather B, Matts Christie W
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2005 Feb 28;133(2-3):173-86. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2003.12.029.
In the present study, 121 young adults (mean age=19 years), hypothesized to be at varying levels of risk for psychosis on the basis of their psychometric profiles, were administered saccadic (antisaccade and refixation) tasks at two separate assessments. At Time 1, individuals posited to be at heightened risk for the later development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (i.e., those individuals with elevated Social Anhedonia Scale [SAS] scores) produced significantly more antisaccade task errors than the controls. Despite apparent improvement in antisaccade task performance from initial testing to the follow-up (mean test-retest interval=59 months) across all groups, the Social Anhedonia (SocAnh) group continued to produce significantly more errors than the control group. The antisaccade task performance of the control group showed good temporal stability (Pearson's r=0.70, ICC=0.52), and the SocAnh group's performance showed excellent temporal stability (Pearson's r=0.85, ICC=0.83). The results of this investigation are twofold: First, antisaccade task performance is temporally stable, even in psychometrically identified schizotypes over long test-retest intervals; and secondly, Social Anhedonia Scale scores as well as Time 1 antisaccade task accuracy accounted for much of the variability in Time 2 antisaccade task performance. These findings add to the growing body of literature suggesting that antisaccade task deficits may serve as an endophenotypic marker of a schizophrenia diathesis.
在本研究中，121名年轻人（平均年龄 = 19岁），根据他们的心理测量特征被假设处于不同程度的精神病风险中，在两次单独的评估中接受了扫视（反扫视和重新注视）任务。在时间1时，被认为后期患精神分裂症谱系障碍风险较高的个体（即那些社交快感缺失量表[SAS]得分较高的个体）在反扫视任务中产生的错误明显多于对照组。尽管从初始测试到随访（平均重测间隔 = 59个月）所有组的反扫视任务表现都有明显改善，但社交快感缺失（SocAnh）组产生的错误仍显著多于对照组。对照组的反扫视任务表现显示出良好的时间稳定性（皮尔逊相关系数r = 0.70，组内相关系数ICC = 0.52），而SocAnh组的表现显示出极佳的时间稳定性（皮尔逊相关系数r = 0.85，组内相关系数ICC = 0.83）。本研究的结果有两方面：第一，即使在经过长时间重测间隔的心理测量确定的分裂型人格中，反扫视任务表现也具有时间稳定性；其次，社交快感缺失量表得分以及时间1的反扫视任务准确性在很大程度上解释了时间2反扫视任务表现的变异性。这些发现进一步丰富了越来越多的文献，表明反扫视任务缺陷可能是精神分裂症素质的一种内表型标记。
