Colaizzi Janet
Eastern State Hospital, Willliamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2005 Feb;43(2):31-7. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20050201-07.
(1) The use of restraints in the care of psychiatric patients has been a topic of ethical controversy since the beginning of psychiatric medicine. (2) Enlightenment physicians regarded psychiatric illness as the loss of reason, and many advocated the use of restraints to help violent patients regain the use of reason. (3) John Conolly, a British alienist (a term used for psychiatrists) of the mid 1800s, claimed it was possible to treat psychiatric patients without the use of mechanical restraints, but he made liberal use of seclusion and physical restraint by attendants to manage violent behavior. (4) American alienists expressed misgivings about the use of mechanical and chemical restraint but most were reluctant to relinquish any usable intervention.
（1）自精神医学诞生之初起，在精神科患者护理中使用约束措施一直是一个存在伦理争议的话题。（2）启蒙运动时期的医生将精神疾病视为理性的丧失，许多人主张使用约束措施来帮助暴力患者恢复理性。（3）19世纪中叶的英国精神病学家（当时用于称呼精神科医生的术语）约翰·康诺利声称，不使用机械约束措施来治疗精神科患者是有可能的，但他大量使用隔离以及护理人员的身体约束来管理暴力行为。（4）美国精神病学家对使用机械和化学约束措施表示疑虑，但大多数人不愿放弃任何可用的干预手段。
