Wang Yu-Tsai, Kent Ray D, Duffy Joseph R, Thomas Jack E
School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Commun Disord. 2005 May-Jun;38(3):231-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.12.001.
Prosodic abnormality is common in the dysarthria associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and adjustments of speaking rate and emphatic stress are often used as steps in treating the speech disorder in patients with TBI-induced dysarthria. However, studies to date do not present a clear and detailed picture of how speaking rate and emphatic stress are affected in this speech disorder. This study, based on the acoustic analyses of syllable repetitions and sentence speech samples, reports on speaking rate and emphatic stress for 12 subjects with TBI and 8 healthy controls. For speaking rate, the subjects with TBI had (1) both slow speaking and articulation rates, (2) smaller phonation proportion and larger pause proportion, and (3) larger percentage change in speaking rate and smaller percentage change in articulation rate. For emphatic stress, the subjects with TBI had (1) significant increases in the difference and percentage change between pre-stressed and pre-unstressed pause durations, (2) significantly smaller difference between stressed and unstressed word durations, but not the percentage change between stressed and unstressed word durations, and (3) significantly reduced differences in f(0) movement and f(0) slope between stressed and unstressed words, but not in RMS range. This study demonstrates the multidimensional nature of prosodic deficits in the dysarthria related to TBI and illustrates the ability of acoustic measures to give a picture of the dysprosody related to TBI-induced dysarthria.
As a result of this activity, the participant will be able to (1) describe the prosodic disturbances that have been reported in studies of dysarthria associated with TBI; (2) define acoustic measures appropriate to the analysis of changes in speaking rate and emphatic stress; and (3) discuss the importance of prosody to spoken communication.
韵律异常在创伤性脑损伤（TBI）相关的构音障碍中很常见，调整语速和强调重音常被用作治疗TBI所致构音障碍患者言语障碍的步骤。然而，迄今为止的研究并未清晰详细地呈现出这种言语障碍中语速和强调重音是如何受到影响的。本研究基于对音节重复和句子言语样本的声学分析，报告了12名TBI患者和8名健康对照者的语速和强调重音情况。对于语速，TBI患者有：（1）语速和发音速度均较慢；（2）发声比例较小，停顿比例较大；（3）语速的百分比变化较大，发音速度的百分比变化较小。对于强调重音，TBI患者有：（1）重读前和非重读前停顿时长的差异及百分比变化显著增加；（2）重读和非重读音节时长的差异显著较小，但重读和非重读音节时长的百分比变化并非如此；（3）重读和非重读音节之间f(0) 变化和f(0) 斜率的差异显著减小，但均方根范围并非如此。本研究证明了与TBI相关的构音障碍中韵律缺陷的多维度性质，并说明了声学测量能够描绘出与TBI所致构音障碍相关的韵律障碍情况。
通过本活动，参与者将能够：（1）描述在TBI相关构音障碍研究中报告的韵律干扰；（2）定义适用于分析语速和强调重音变化的声学测量方法；（3）讨论韵律对口语交流的重要性。
