Niemann H, Maschke C, Hecht K
Technische Universität, Berlin.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2005 Mar;48(3):315-28. doi: 10.1007/s00103-004-0997-y.
Traffic noise (road, train and flight noise, and the noise of parking cars), is the dominant source of annoyance in the living environment of many European countries. This is followed by neighbourhood noise (neighbouring apartments, staircases and noise within the apartment). The subjective experience of noise stress can, through central nervous processes, lead to an inadequate neuro-endocrine reaction and finally to regulation diseases. Within the context of the LARES-survey, noise annoyance within the everyday living environment was collected and evaluated in connection with medically diagnosed illnesses. Adults who indicated chronically strong annoyance due to neighbourhood noise were found to have an increased health risk in the cardiovascular system, the movement apparatus as well as depression and migraine. For adults with chronically strong annoyance caused by traffic noise, the risks to the respiratory system also increased. In older people, both neighbourhood and traffic noise indicated, in general, a lower risk of noise annoyance induced illness than in adults. It can be assumed that the effects of noise induced annoyance in older people is concealed by the physical consequences of age (with a strong increase in illnesses). With children, the effects of noise induced annoyance from traffic as well as neighbourhood noise is evident in the respiratory system. The increased illness risks in the respiratory system in children do not seem to be caused primarily by air pollutants but rather, as with case of neighbourhood noise, though emotional stress.
交通噪音（道路、火车和飞机噪音以及汽车停放噪音）是许多欧洲国家居住环境中烦恼的主要来源。其次是邻里噪音（相邻公寓、楼梯以及公寓内的噪音）。噪音压力的主观体验可通过中枢神经过程导致神经内分泌反应不足，最终引发调节性疾病。在LARES调查的背景下，收集并评估了日常生活环境中的噪音烦恼与医学诊断疾病的关系。发现因邻里噪音而长期感到强烈烦恼的成年人，其心血管系统、运动器官以及抑郁症和偏头痛方面的健康风险增加。对于因交通噪音而长期感到强烈烦恼的成年人，呼吸系统的风险也增加。一般而言，在老年人中，邻里噪音和交通噪音导致疾病的烦恼风险均低于成年人。可以推测，老年人中噪音诱发烦恼的影响被年龄带来的身体后果（疾病大幅增加）所掩盖。对于儿童来说，交通噪音以及邻里噪音诱发烦恼对呼吸系统的影响很明显。儿童呼吸系统疾病风险增加似乎主要不是由空气污染物引起的，而是像邻里噪音的情况一样，是由情绪压力导致的。
