Pronk N P, Donnelly J E, Pronk S J
Department of Health and Physical Education, Kearney State College, Nebraska.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1992 Apr;11(2):152-8.
Strength changes, induced by very low-calorie diet (VLCD, 520 kcal/day) alone and in combination with exercise, were determined in 109 severely obese females (46.8 +/- 4.69% fat). Experimental treatments included VLCD alone (LC, n = 40), VLCD with endurance exercise (EE, n = 23), VLCD with endurance exercise and resistance strength training (EERST, n = 23), and VLCD with resistance strength training (RST, n = 23). All subjects participated in the study for 90 days while EE, EERST, and RST exercised four times/week according to specified schedules. Results indicated significant differences for the change scores (baseline to 90 days) for bench press, knee flexion, upper body and lower body composite strength scores between RST and all other groups. RST was the only treatment that increased upper and lower body strength. No differences between groups were found for body mass losses, decrease in percent fat and fat mass. In contrast, these variables showed significant change scores for all groups. Decreases in fat-free mass (FFM) were 5.18 +/- 3.40 kg, 4.79 +/- 4.15 kg (p = 0.001), 4.64 +/- 4.23 kg, and 3.26 +/- 2.67 kg for EE, LC, RST, and EERST, respectively. These data suggest that the combination of resistance strength training and VLCD increases strength despite a loss of FFM. However, endurance exercise and VLCD do not seem to affect body mass loss or FFM loss per se. Moreover, it seems that these increases in strength may represent a training effect which might imply improved central neuromuscular function rather than muscular hypertrophy since FFM decreased in all groups.
在109名严重肥胖女性（体脂率46.8±4.69%）中，测定了单独采用极低热量饮食（VLCD，520千卡/天）以及结合运动所引起的力量变化。实验处理包括单独的极低热量饮食（LC，n = 40）、极低热量饮食结合耐力运动（EE，n = 23）、极低热量饮食结合耐力运动和抗阻力量训练（EERST，n = 23）以及极低热量饮食结合抗阻力量训练（RST，n = 23）。所有受试者参与研究90天，而EE、EERST和RST组按照特定时间表每周锻炼4次。结果表明，RST组与所有其他组相比，卧推、屈膝、上半身和下半身综合力量得分的变化分数（基线至90天）存在显著差异。RST是唯一能增加上半身和下半身力量的处理方式。各小组在体重减轻、体脂百分比下降和脂肪量减少方面未发现差异。相比之下，这些变量在所有小组中均显示出显著的变化分数。EE组、LC组、RST组和EERST组的去脂体重（FFM）减少量分别为5.18±3.40千克、4.79±4.15千克（p = 0.001）、4.64±4.23千克和3.26±2.67千克。这些数据表明，尽管去脂体重有所减少，但抗阻力量训练与极低热量饮食相结合仍能增加力量。然而，耐力运动和极低热量饮食本身似乎并不影响体重减轻或去脂体重减少。此外，这些力量的增加似乎代表了一种训练效果，这可能意味着中枢神经肌肉功能得到改善，而非肌肉肥大，因为所有组的去脂体重均有所下降。
