Sillanpää Elina, Häkkinen Arja, Nyman Kai, Mattila Mari, Cheng Sulin, Karavirta Laura, Laaksonen David E, Huuhka Niina, Kraemer William J, Häkkinen Keijo
Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 May;40(5):950-8. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318165c854.
This study examined adaptations in body composition and physical fitness during a 21-wk strength and/or endurance training period in 40- to 65-yr-old men. We also compared the usefulness of different methods for the analysis of body composition to detect training-induced adaptations.
Fifty-three men were randomized into the endurance training (E: N = 14), strength training (S: N = 13), combined strength and endurance training (SE: N = 15), or control (C: N = 11) groups. S and E trained 2 and SE 2 x 2 times a week for strength and endurance.
Percentage of fat (fat%) decreased (5-8%) similarly in all training groups. Fat% measured by DXA at baseline and its change correlated with those recorded by bioimpedance (r = 0.90 and 0.66), skinfolds (r = 0.80 and 0.78), and waistline (r = 0.84 and 0.74). Lean mass in legs (DXA) increased only in S (2.0 +/- 1.5%, P < 0.001), but the thickness of vastus lateralis and intermedius measured by ultrasound increased (7-11%) in all training groups, and that of triceps brachii increased in S (22%) and SE (20%). Maximal concentric force increased significantly in S, SE, and E (by 22, 23, and 7%), and maximal oxygen uptake increased in both E (11%) and SE (11%).
Waist circumference and skinfold thickness seem to reasonably assess changes in percent body fat during training. However, only DXA was capable to separate small differences between the groups in training-induced changes in lean body mass. Combined strength and endurance training is of greater value than either alone in optimizing body composition or improving physical fitness in older men.
本研究调查了40至65岁男性在为期21周的力量和/或耐力训练期间身体成分和体能的适应性变化。我们还比较了不同身体成分分析方法在检测训练引起的适应性变化方面的有效性。
53名男性被随机分为耐力训练组（E组：N = 14）、力量训练组（S组：N = 13）、力量与耐力联合训练组（SE组：N = 15）或对照组（C组：N = 11）。S组和E组每周训练2次，SE组每周训练2×2次，分别进行力量和耐力训练。
所有训练组的脂肪百分比（fat%）均以相似幅度下降（5 - 8%）。基线时通过双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量的fat%及其变化与生物电阻抗法（r = 0.90和0.66）、皮褶厚度法（r = 0.80和0.78）以及腰围测量值（r = 0.84和0.74）相关。腿部去脂体重（DXA测量）仅在S组增加（2.0 +/- 1.5%，P < 0.001），但所有训练组中通过超声测量的股外侧肌和股中间肌厚度均增加（7 - 11%），肱三头肌厚度在S组增加了22%，在SE组增加了20%。最大向心力量在S组、SE组和E组均显著增加（分别增加22%、23%和7%），最大摄氧量在E组（增加11%）和SE组（增加11%）均有所增加。
腰围和皮褶厚度似乎能够合理评估训练期间体脂百分比的变化。然而，只有DXA能够区分各训练组在去脂体重训练引起的变化方面的微小差异。在优化老年男性身体成分或改善体能方面，力量与耐力联合训练比单独的力量训练或耐力训练更具价值。
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