Doschak M R, Zernicke R F
Faculty of Medicine, McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada.
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2005 Mar;5(1):35-40.
Mechanical and physiological processes contribute to joint tissue adaptations during growth and exercise and after injury. Those adaptations are often in response to the mechanotransductive stimuli linked to the transmission of forces across these load-bearing structures. Muscle-tendon interactions have been explored during skeletal loading and describe the relation of sarcomere shortening at the expense of tendon lengthening(1,2). The effects of load transmission through the bone-tendon and bone-ligament complexes, however, have not been studied as extensively, although both disuse and exercise will alter the stiffness of these significant structures. Recently, however, renewed interest has emerged about the pathogenesis underlying enthesopathies and enthesitis, and investigators are beginning to reveal the intricacies of bone-tendon and bone-ligament complexes(3,4,5). Here, we summarize the structure and function of the types of entheses between bone-tendon and bone-ligament, and relate how mechanical loading leads to functional adaptation, and at times, entheseal pathophysiology.
机械和生理过程在生长、运动及损伤后会促使关节组织发生适应性变化。这些适应性变化通常是对与力在这些承重结构上传递相关的机械转导刺激的反应。在骨骼负荷期间，人们对肌肉 - 肌腱相互作用进行了探索，并描述了以肌腱延长为代价的肌节缩短关系(1,2)。然而，尽管废用和运动都会改变这些重要结构的刚度，但通过骨 - 肌腱和骨 - 韧带复合体的负荷传递效应尚未得到广泛研究。然而，最近，人们对附着点病和附着点炎的发病机制重新产生了兴趣，研究人员开始揭示骨 - 肌腱和骨 - 韧带复合体的复杂性(3,4,5)。在此，我们总结了骨 - 肌腱和骨 - 韧带之间附着点类型的结构和功能，并阐述了机械负荷如何导致功能适应，以及有时如何引发附着点病理生理学变化。
