Brouwer Derk H, de Pater Nettie A J, Zomer Christian, Lurvink Marc W M, van Hemmen Joop J
Food & Chemical Risk Analysis, TNO Quality of Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2005 Jul;49(5):443-51. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mei007. Epub 2005 Mar 24.
The concept of occupational air requirement (OAR), representing the quantity of air required to dilute the vapor concentration in the work environment resulting from 1 l product to a concentration below the occupational exposure limit (OEL), was considered to have potential to discriminate between paints that can and cannot be used safely. The OAR is a simple algorithm with the concentration of volatile organic compound (VOC) in the paint, a discrete evaporation factor and the neurotoxicological effects-based OEL. Conceptually, OAR categories of paints for construction and maintenance applications could be identified that can be applied manually without exceeding OELs with no appreciable room ventilation. Five painters volunteered in an exposure study aimed at testing the OAR approach in practice. Total exposure to VOC was assessed in 30 experiments during the application of 0.5 l of paint in a defined 'standard indoor paint job'. Fifteen paints were prepared, reflecting differences in solvents (percentage, volatility, toxicity) with a range of OAR levels from 43 to 819 m(3)/l. Exposure was assessed by personal air sampling (PAS). In addition, real-time air monitoring was performed. All tests were conducted at minimum ventilation rate (< or=0.33 h(-1)). PAS results were expressed as percentage of the nominal OEL and ranged from 8 to 93% for high solids and from 38 to 168% for conventional paints. In general, higher VOC contents resulted in higher exposure. High volatile paints showed a statistically significant faster increase of VOC concentration with time compared with paints containing low volatile solvents. A significant relationship between OAR value and exposure was observed (R(2) = 0.73). The experiments indicate that OAR-based classification of paints predicts and discriminates risk levels for exposure to neurotoxic paint-solvents in indoor painting fairly well.
职业空气需求量（OAR）的概念，即稀释因1升产品导致的工作环境中蒸汽浓度至职业接触限值（OEL）以下所需的空气量，被认为有潜力区分哪些油漆可以安全使用，哪些不能。OAR是一个简单的算法，涉及油漆中挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的浓度、一个离散蒸发因子以及基于神经毒理学效应的OEL。从概念上讲，可以确定建筑和维护用油漆的OAR类别，这些油漆在没有明显室内通风的情况下手动施涂时不会超过OEL。五名油漆工自愿参与一项暴露研究，旨在实际测试OAR方法。在一个定义的“标准室内油漆作业”中，对0.5升油漆施涂过程中的30次实验进行了VOC总暴露量评估。制备了15种油漆，反映了溶剂在百分比、挥发性、毒性方面的差异，OAR水平范围为43至819立方米/升。通过个人空气采样（PAS）评估暴露情况。此外，还进行了实时空气监测。所有测试均在最低通风率（≤0.33次/小时）下进行。PAS结果以名义OEL的百分比表示，高固体含量油漆的范围为8%至93%，传统油漆的范围为38%至168%。一般来说，VOC含量越高，暴露量越高。与含低挥发性溶剂的油漆相比，高挥发性油漆的VOC浓度随时间的增加在统计学上有显著更快的增长。观察到OAR值与暴露之间存在显著关系（R² = 0.73）。实验表明，基于OAR的油漆分类能较好地预测和区分室内油漆作业中接触神经毒性油漆溶剂的风险水平。
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