Thunell L, Stadberg E, Milsom I, Mattsson L A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Göteborg, Sweden.
Climacteric. 2004 Dec;7(4):357-65. doi: 10.1080/13697130400001786.
To assess, first, the prevalence and severity of symptoms associated with the climacteric period and their treatment and, second, the prevalence of exercise, smoking and body weight in a population-based sample of Swedish women.
Prospective, longitudinal cohort study, initiated in 1992, in women aged 46, 50, 54, 58 and 62 years with a follow-up 6 years later. Information was obtained from the same women (n=3816) on both occasions using a postal questionnaire regarding sociodemographic variables, general and reproductive health, the occurrence of climacteric symptoms and their severity, and the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
The prevalences of climacteric symptoms were as follows (1992/1998): vasomotor symptoms, 52%/62%; depression/irritability, 57%/65%; sleeping disturbances, 51%/69%; muscle/joint pain, 55%/70%; and loss of libido, 38%/57%. HRT with medium-potency estrogens was currently being used by 34% (1992: 14%), and 12% (1992: 8%) were using low-potency estrogens. The maximum prevalence of HRT (medium-potency estrogens) use was found in the 56-year-old group, at 46% (1992: 25% in the 54-year-old group). Body mass for the whole group had increased from 66.3 to 68.9 kg. Exercise was more frequent in all age groups in 1998 compared to 1992. There was a decrease in current smokers from 32 to 26% between the two periods. Compared with 1992, the women in all five birth cohorts considered themselves to be less healthy and quality of life had decreased for the whole group.
The prevalence of symptoms associated with the climacteric period and the use of HRT had increased markedly in this longitudinal study of the same women followed between 1992 and 1998. During the same period, smoking decreased, while body weight and exercise frequency increased.
首先评估与更年期相关症状的患病率、严重程度及其治疗情况，其次评估瑞典女性人群样本中的运动、吸烟和体重情况。
1992年启动的前瞻性纵向队列研究，研究对象为年龄分别为46、50、54、58和62岁的女性，6年后进行随访。两次均通过邮寄问卷从相同的女性（n = 3816）那里获取信息，问卷内容涉及社会人口统计学变量、一般健康状况和生殖健康、更年期症状的发生情况及其严重程度，以及激素替代疗法（HRT）的使用情况。
更年期症状的患病率如下（1992年/1998年）：血管舒缩症状，52%/62%；抑郁/易怒，57%/65%；睡眠障碍，51%/69%；肌肉/关节疼痛，55%/70%；性欲减退，38%/57%。目前使用中效雌激素进行HRT的比例为34%（1992年：14%），使用低效雌激素的比例为12%（1992年：8%）。HRT（中效雌激素）使用的最高患病率出现在56岁组，为46%（1992年：54岁组为25%）。整个组的体重从66.3千克增加到了68.9千克。与1992年相比，1998年所有年龄组的运动频率都更高。两个时期相比，当前吸烟者的比例从32%降至26%。与1992年相比，所有五个出生队列的女性都认为自己的健康状况变差，整个组的生活质量有所下降。
在这项对1992年至1998年期间同一批女性进行的纵向研究中，与更年期相关症状的患病率和HRT的使用显著增加。同期，吸烟率下降，而体重和运动频率增加。
