Berggren Kelle Liermann, Tharp Michael, Boyer Kenneth M
Department of Dermatology, Rush Presbyterian St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Pediatr Dermatol. 2005 Mar-Apr;22(2):130-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2005.22208.x.
Measles is the most contagious of the childhood exanthems and is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths in children, mostly in developing countries. The prodromal stage, consisting of high fever and the triad of cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, is followed by a caudal progressing rash over a period of 2 to 3 days. With a worldwide vaccination program in place, mortality and morbidity have decreased substantially. Receipt of the live attenuated vaccine generally causes no or only mild side effects such as a low-grade fever and a subtle rash. We report a 1-year-old boy who, 10 days after vaccination, developed vaccine measles which was clinically indistinguishable from the natural disease. Vaccine virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the patient's nasopharyngeal secretions.
麻疹是儿童期发疹性疾病中传染性最强的，是儿童疫苗可预防死亡的主要原因，主要发生在发展中国家。前驱期表现为高热以及咳嗽、鼻炎和结膜炎三联征，随后在2至3天内出现向尾部发展的皮疹。随着全球疫苗接种计划的实施，死亡率和发病率大幅下降。接种减毒活疫苗一般不会引起副作用或仅引起轻微副作用，如低热和轻微皮疹。我们报告一名1岁男孩，在接种疫苗10天后出现疫苗相关性麻疹，临床上与自然感染的疾病无法区分。通过聚合酶链反应在患者鼻咽分泌物中检测到疫苗病毒。
