Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
Viruses. 2019 Jul 10;11(7):636. doi: 10.3390/v11070636.
Measles vaccines have been in use since the 1960s with excellent safety and effectiveness profiles. Limited data are available on detection of measles vaccine virus (MeVV) RNA in human subjects following vaccination. Available evidence suggests MeVV RNA can be identified up to 14 days after vaccination, with detection beyond this rare. In routine diagnostic testing, we used two real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) assays targeting M and F genes to identify measles virus (MeV) and MeVV RNA. Confirmatory testing was performed with an N gene RT-rPCR, followed by sequence confirmation of RT-rPCR positives by semi-nested conventional RT-PCR assays targeting portions of the N, H, and L genes. We report detection and confirmation of MeVV RNA from the respiratory tract of 11 children between 100 and 800 days after most recent receipt of measles-containing vaccine. These novel findings emphasize the importance of genotyping all MeV detections and highlight the need for further work to assess whether persistent MeVV RNA represents viable virus and if transmission to close contacts can occur.
自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，麻疹疫苗的使用安全性和有效性都非常出色。在接种疫苗后，人类对麻疹疫苗病毒（MeVV）RNA 的检测数据有限。现有证据表明，接种疫苗后最多可在 14 天内检测到 MeVV RNA，超过此时间后很少能检测到。在常规诊断检测中，我们使用两种针对 M 和 F 基因的实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-rPCR）检测方法来鉴定麻疹病毒（MeV）和 MeVV RNA。通过 N 基因 RT-rPCR 进行确认性检测，然后通过针对 N、H 和 L 基因部分的半嵌套常规 RT-PCR 检测对 RT-rPCR 阳性结果进行序列确认。我们报告了在最近一次接种含麻疹疫苗后 100 至 800 天内，11 名儿童的呼吸道中检测到并确认了 MeVV RNA。这些新发现强调了对所有 MeV 检测进行基因分型的重要性，并突出了需要进一步研究以评估持续存在的 MeVV RNA 是否代表有活力的病毒，以及是否会传播给密切接触者。
