Gillette-Guyonnet Sophie, Andrieu Sandrine, Nourhashemi Fatemeh, de La Guéronnière Viviane, Grandjean Hélène, Vellas Bruno
Service de Médecine Interne et Gérontologie Clinique, Hôpital Casselardit, Toulouse, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;81(4):897-902. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.4.897.
The concentration of aluminum or silica in drinking water may be a potential environmental risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD).
The objective was to investigate at baseline the potential association between the composition of drinking water and the level of cognitive function in women taking part in the Epidemiology of Osteoporosis (EPIDOS) Study and to determine during follow-up the effects of the composition of drinking water on the risk of AD.
Women aged >/=75 y (n = 7598) were recruited between 1992 and 1994 in 5 geographic areas of France. The participants from one center (n = 1462) were followed for </=7 y; during this time, an active search for incident cases of AD was conducted. The initial questionnaire comprised a food consumption survey with specific questions about the daily consumption of tap and mineral water. The evaluation of cognitive function was based on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. During follow-up, the diagnosis of dementia was made by a geriatrician and a neurologist.
A low silica concentration was associated with low cognitive performance at baseline. Compared with the nondemented subjects, the women with a diagnosis of AD during follow-up were older at inclusion, had a lower financial status and educational level, had a poorer perception of their own health, and had a more difficult time performing activities of daily living. A multivariate analysis including potential confounding factors showed that women with AD appeared to have been exposed to lower amounts of silica at baseline.
Silica in drinking water may reduce the risk of developing AD in elderly women. The results corroborate those of another epidemiologic study carried out in France. The potential effect of silica needs to be confirmed in additional investigations.
饮用水中铝或硅的浓度可能是阿尔茨海默病（AD）的潜在环境风险因素。
在基线时调查参与骨质疏松症流行病学（EPIDOS）研究的女性饮用水成分与认知功能水平之间的潜在关联，并在随访期间确定饮用水成分对AD风险的影响。
1992年至1994年期间，在法国的5个地理区域招募了年龄≥75岁的女性（n = 7598）。对来自一个中心的参与者（n = 1462）进行了≤7年的随访；在此期间，积极寻找AD的新发病例。初始问卷包括一项食物消费调查，其中有关于自来水和矿泉水每日消费量的具体问题。认知功能评估基于简短便携式精神状态问卷。在随访期间，由老年病医生和神经科医生进行痴呆症诊断。
低硅浓度与基线时的低认知表现相关。与未患痴呆症的受试者相比，随访期间诊断为AD的女性在纳入研究时年龄更大，经济状况和教育水平更低，对自身健康的认知更差，日常生活活动能力更差。包括潜在混杂因素的多变量分析表明，患AD的女性在基线时似乎接触到的硅含量较低。
饮用水中的硅可能会降低老年女性患AD的风险。这些结果证实了在法国进行的另一项流行病学研究的结果。硅的潜在作用需要在更多研究中得到证实。
