Arricau-Bouvery Nathalie, Rodolakis Annie
Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, INRA, Centre de Tours-Nouzilly, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Vet Res. 2005 May-Jun;36(3):327-49. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2005010.
Q fever is a zoonotic disease considered as emerging or re-emerging in many countries. It is caused by Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium developing spore-like forms that are highly resistant to the environment. The most common animal reservoirs are livestock and the main source of infection is by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Although the culture process for Coxiella is laborious, advances on the knowledge of the life cycle of the bacterium have been made. New tools have been developed to (i) improve the diagnosis of Q fever in humans and animals, and especially animal shedders, (ii) perform epidemiological studies, and (iii) prevent the disease through the use of vaccines. This review summarizes the state of the knowledge on the bacteriology and clinical manifestations of Q fever as well as its diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and prevention in order to understand what factors are responsible for its emergence or re-emergence.
Q热是一种人畜共患病，在许多国家被视为新出现或再次出现的疾病。它由伯氏考克斯氏体引起，这种细菌会形成对环境具有高度抗性的孢子样形态。最常见的动物宿主是家畜，主要感染源是吸入受污染的气溶胶。尽管培养伯氏考克斯氏体的过程很费力，但在该细菌生命周期的知识方面已取得进展。已开发出新工具用于：（i）改善人类和动物，尤其是动物排菌者中Q热的诊断；（ii）开展流行病学研究；（iii）通过使用疫苗预防该疾病。本综述总结了关于Q热的细菌学、临床表现及其诊断、流行病学、治疗和预防的知识状况，以便了解导致其出现或再次出现的因素。
