Oncken Cheryl, McKee Sherry, Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra, O'Malley Stephanie, Mazure Carolyn M
Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3940, USA.
Prev Med. 2005 Jun;40(6):779-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.024.
Previous studies suggest that smokers minimize the personal health risk of smoking. Smokers may not be aware of the various smoking-related disease risks or believe that they are susceptible to them.
We presented 537 adult treatment-seeking smokers with a list of 34 medical conditions, of which 25 were smoking-related conditions, and 9 were nonsmoking-related items. Subjects were asked to identify which medical conditions were smoking-related, and to rate their perceived risk (using a 7-point Likert scale) of developing various smoking-related conditions if they continued to smoke.
The average percentage of knowledge items correct for each disease category included cardiovascular (93%), pulmonary (94%), oral health diseases (89%), smoking-related cancers (71%), and reproductive risks (44%). Premature death was identified as a risk by 95% of smokers yet only 63.5% reported that disability could also result from smoking. Knowledge was associated with perceived risk of smoking-related illnesses across disease categories.
Knowledge and perceived risk of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and oral disease was high among current smokers; knowledge and perceived risk of reproductive-related problems, and cancers other than lung cancer was much lower. Smokers recognize that smoking may result in premature death, but are less likely to acknowledge that smoking could result in a disability significantly affecting their quality of life.
先前的研究表明，吸烟者会尽量降低吸烟对个人健康的风险。吸烟者可能并未意识到与吸烟相关的各种疾病风险，或者认为自己不易患上这些疾病。
我们向537名寻求治疗的成年吸烟者展示了一份包含34种疾病的清单，其中25种是与吸烟相关的疾病，9种是与非吸烟相关的项目。受试者被要求识别哪些疾病与吸烟有关，并对如果他们继续吸烟而患上各种与吸烟相关疾病的感知风险进行评分（使用7点李克特量表）。
每个疾病类别的知识项目正确平均百分比包括心血管疾病（93%）、肺部疾病（94%）、口腔健康疾病（89%）、与吸烟相关的癌症（71%）和生殖风险（44%）。95%的吸烟者认为过早死亡是一种风险，但只有63.5%的人报告吸烟也可能导致残疾。知识与各疾病类别中与吸烟相关疾病的感知风险相关。
当前吸烟者对心血管、肺部和口腔疾病的知识和感知风险较高；对生殖相关问题和非肺癌癌症的知识和感知风险则低得多。吸烟者认识到吸烟可能导致过早死亡，但不太可能承认吸烟会导致严重影响其生活质量的残疾。
