Waszak Florian, Hommel Bernhard, Allport Alan
Department of Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Munich, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2004 Dec;11(6):1027-33. doi: 10.3758/bf03196732.
People find it difficult to switch between two tasks, even if they have time to prepare-the so-called residual task shift cost. We studied a switch of tasks from picture naming to word reading, using picture-word Stroop stimuli. Consistent with previous findings, we demonstrate that a large part of the observed task shift cost was due to priming from prior stimulus-response episodes, in which the current task stimulus was encountered in a competing task. We further show that this task-priming effect generalizes to semantically related stimuli, which opens the possibility that most or all of these residual shift costs reflect some sort of generalized proactive interference from previous stimulus-task episodes.
人们发现很难在两项任务之间进行切换，即使他们有时间准备——即所谓的残留任务切换成本。我们使用图词Stroop刺激研究了从图片命名到单词阅读的任务切换。与先前的研究结果一致，我们证明观察到的任务切换成本很大一部分是由于先前刺激-反应事件的启动，在这些事件中，当前任务刺激出现在竞争任务中。我们进一步表明，这种任务启动效应会推广到语义相关的刺激上，这就使得大多数或所有这些残留切换成本可能反映了先前刺激-任务事件的某种广义前摄干扰。
