Latała Adam, Stepnowski Piotr, Nedzi Marcin, Mrozik Wojciech
Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Jun 1;73(1):91-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.03.008. Epub 2005 Apr 25.
Interest in ionic liquids for their potential in different chemical processes is increasing, as they are claimed to be environmentally benign and are very good non-volatile solvents for a wide range of applications. With regard to their physical and chemical characteristics, the properties of ionic liquids can be modified over a wide range because the cation's fine structure and the anion's identity can be altered. Since millions of ion combinations are possible it is of the highest importance to outline rational guidelines to develop technologically suitable but also environmentally harmless ionic liquids. This paper presents the results of a preliminary assessment of the toxicity of selected imidazolium ionic liquids towards marine algae. The selection of chemical entities was based on the t-SAR approach (thinking in terms of structure-activity relationships) focusing on the length (C(2)<R1<C(6)) or type (aliphatic-aromatic) of the side chain whereas head group (imidazolium) remained the same. The acute effect of ionic liquids was measured using the green alga Oocystis submarina and the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana inhabiting the southern Baltic Sea. Standard algal testing procedures revealed significant differences in the responses of the two species. O. submarina appeared to acclimatize to the lower concentrations used: after ca. 5 days their ability to grow recovered, and initial densities were eventually restored. In the case of C. meneghiniana, growth in batch cultures was effectively inhibited throughout the experiment regardless of the ionic liquid concentration applied. Additionally, it was found that at higher salinities, the toxicity of 1-butyl- and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium entities towards O. submarina was significantly lower than at low salinities.
由于离子液体在不同化学过程中展现出的潜力，人们对其兴趣日益浓厚。据称，离子液体对环境友好，是适用于广泛应用的优良非挥发性溶剂。就其物理和化学特性而言，离子液体的性质可在很大范围内进行调整，因为阳离子的精细结构和阴离子的特性均可改变。由于可能的离子组合数以百万计，因此制定合理的指导方针以开发技术上适用且对环境无害的离子液体至关重要。本文展示了对选定的咪唑鎓离子液体对海洋藻类毒性的初步评估结果。化学物质的选择基于t-SAR方法（从结构-活性关系角度考虑），重点关注侧链的长度（C(2)<R1<C(6)）或类型（脂肪族-芳香族），而头基（咪唑鎓）保持不变。使用栖息于波罗的海南部的绿藻卵形隐藻和硅藻梅氏环毛藻来测定离子液体的急性效应。标准藻类测试程序显示这两个物种的反应存在显著差异。卵形隐藻似乎能适应所使用的较低浓度：约5天后，它们的生长能力恢复，初始密度最终得以恢复。对于梅氏环毛藻，在整个实验过程中，无论施加的离子液体浓度如何，分批培养中的生长均受到有效抑制。此外，研究发现，在较高盐度下，1-丁基-和1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓实体对卵形隐藻的毒性明显低于低盐度时。
