Quality improvement in nursing homes in Texas: results from a pressure ulcer prevention project.

BACKGROUND

Pressure ulcer prevalence, cost, associated mortality, and potential for litigation are major clinical problems in nursing homes despite guidelines for prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVE

To improve the use of pressure ulcer prevention procedures at nursing homes in Texas through implementation of process of care system changes in collaboration with a state quality improvement organization (QIO).

DESIGN

Preintervention and postintervention measurement of performance for process of care quality indicators and of pressure ulcer incidence rates.

SETTING

Twenty nursing homes in Texas.

PARTICIPANTS

Quality improvement teams at participating nursing homes.

MEASUREMENT

Data were abstracted from medical records on performance measures (quality indicators) and pressure ulcer incidence rates between November 2000 and August 2002. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.

INTERVENTIONS

Process of care system changes consisting of tools and education to prevent pressure ulcers were introduced to participating nursing homes.

RESULTS

Participating nursing homes showed statistically significant improvement in 8 out of 12 quality indicators. Pressure ulcer incidence rates also decreased, although not quite significantly. Furthermore, facilities with the greatest improvement in quality indicator scores had significantly lower pressure ulcer incidence rates than the facilities with the least improvement in quality indicator scores (S = 131.0, P = .03). This suggests that the interventions positively affected not only the process of care but also led to a decrease in pressure ulcer incidences.

CONCLUSIONS

These results show that nursing homes in a collaborative effort with a QIO were able to improve their processes of care. Although significant improvement was noted on most of the quality indicators, opportunity remains for further improvement. Furthermore, these results suggest that implementation of process of care system changes by nursing homes in a collaborative relationship with a QIO may yield improvements in measures of patient outcome (eg, pressure ulcer incidence).