Grosschädl Franziska, Lohrmann Christa
Medizinischen Universität Graz.
Pflege Z. 2011 Jun;64(6):356-61.
For decades pressure ulcers have been internationally serious and frequent nursing relevant problems. It causes enormous suffering to the affected and high costs for society. Prevalence studies about pressure ulcers indicate the extent of this disease. Subsequently targeted measures can be planned in order to prevent pressure ulcers. There are already some international prevalence surveys of pressure ulcers, which reported prevalence data from 0.06 per cent to 83.6 per cent in hospitals and nursing homes. A comparison of these studies is limited due to their differences in methodology, population and the definition of prevalence and pressure ulcer. Prevalences for pressure ulcers were hardly available so far in Austria. Therefore in the context of the National Prevalence Survey Care-related Data (LPZ) prevalence data, quality indicators and data on the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers were standardized collected with a scientifically tested questionnaire for the first time in austrian health institutions. This survey entitles to compare the results between participating institutions and countries. 2353 hospital patients and nursing home residents in 17 austrian institutions participated. The prevalence in the risk group was 12.2 per cent (excluding grade one pressure ulcer: eight percent) forthe patients and seven per cent (excluding grade one pressure ulcer: 5.9 Prozent) for the residents. Most of the wounds were acquired on the heels. This study also found that prevention activities of pressure ulcers were used more often in the nursing homes than in hospitals. Compared to the prevalence of published studies the identified prevalence of pressure ulcers is low. Regular participation in prevalence surveys is advisable, so that institutions examine themselves objectively in terms of quality of care as well.
几十年来，压疮一直是国际上严重且频发的护理相关问题。它给患者带来巨大痛苦，给社会造成高昂成本。关于压疮的患病率研究表明了这种疾病的严重程度。随后可以制定针对性措施以预防压疮。已经有一些关于压疮的国际患病率调查，报告了医院和养老院中从0.06%到83.6%的患病率数据。由于这些研究在方法、人群以及患病率和压疮定义方面存在差异，对它们进行比较存在局限性。到目前为止，奥地利几乎没有压疮患病率的数据。因此，在全国患病率调查护理相关数据（LPZ）的背景下，首次使用经过科学测试的问卷在奥地利医疗机构中标准化收集了压疮的患病率数据、质量指标以及预防和治疗数据。这项调查使得能够比较参与机构和国家之间的结果。17家奥地利机构的2353名医院患者和养老院居民参与了调查。患者风险组中的患病率为12.2%（不包括一级压疮：8%），居民为7%（不包括一级压疮：5.9%）。大多数伤口出现在足跟部。这项研究还发现，养老院比医院更频繁地开展压疮预防活动。与已发表研究的患病率相比，所确定的压疮患病率较低。建议定期参与患病率调查，以便各机构也能在护理质量方面客观地审视自身。
