Shoham Shmuel, Levitz Stuart M
Section of Infectious Diseases, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(5):569-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05397.x.
During the past two decades, invasive fungal infections have emerged as a major threat to immunocompromised hosts. Patients with neoplastic diseases are at significant risk for such infections as a result of their underlying illness and its therapy. Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus and emerging pathogens, such as the zygomycetes, dark walled fungi, Trichosporon and Fusarium, are largely opportunists, causing infection when host defences are breached. The immune response varies with respect to the fungal species and morphotype encountered. The risk for particular infections differs, depending upon which aspect of immunity is impaired. This article reviews the current understanding of the role and relative importance of innate and adaptive immunity to common and emerging fungal pathogens. An understanding of the host response to these organisms is important in decisions regarding use of currently available antifungal therapies and in the design of new therapeutic modalities.
在过去二十年中，侵袭性真菌感染已成为免疫功能低下宿主的主要威胁。患有肿瘤疾病的患者因其基础疾病及其治疗而面临此类感染的重大风险。曲霉、念珠菌、隐球菌以及新兴病原体，如接合菌、暗色丝孢菌、毛孢子菌和镰刀菌，大多是机会致病菌，当宿主防御功能被破坏时会引发感染。免疫反应因所遇到的真菌种类和形态型而异。特定感染的风险也有所不同，这取决于免疫的哪个方面受到损害。本文综述了目前对固有免疫和适应性免疫在常见及新兴真菌病原体感染中的作用及相对重要性的认识。了解宿主对这些病原体的反应对于决定目前可用抗真菌疗法的使用以及新治疗方法的设计至关重要。
