Tur Josep A, Romaguera Dora, Pons Antoni
Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Public Health Nutr. 2005 May;8(3):275-83. doi: 10.1079/phn2004693.
To assess the dietary habits of Balearic Islands' consumers who are successful in meeting current nutritional recommendations, to find clues for the development of future food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) that would be relevant to this population.
Cross-sectional nutritional survey carried out in the Balearic Islands between 1999 and 2000.
Dietary habits were assessed by means of 24-hour recall (two non-consecutive days: warm and cold season) and a food-frequency questionnaire in a random sample (n=1200, aged 16-65 years) living in private households. Differences in percentage of compliers with the intermediate nutritional objectives for the Spanish population and differences in food consumption patterns between genders and between high (above the upper quartile of intake) and low (below the lower quartile of intake) consumers of fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), fibre, and fruit and vegetables were analysed.
Gender differences were observed in nutrient and energy intakes, as well as in attainment of the recommendations. Less than 25% of the population reached the intermediate nutritional recommendations for iodine, fruit, carbohydrates, SFA, fibre and vegetables. Low fat/SFA and high fruit and vegetables/fibre consumers kept a diet in line with the traditional Balearic diet and prevailing dietary pyramids, which ensured better compliance with the nutritional goals.
The intermediate nutritional objectives for the Spanish population could be achieved through maintenance of the traditional Balearic diet, a Mediterranean-type diet in the Balearic population. Therefore, this dietary model could be used to develop FBDG relevant to this population.
评估巴利阿里群岛符合当前营养建议的消费者的饮食习惯，为制定适用于该人群的未来基于食物的膳食指南（FBDG）寻找线索。
1999年至2000年在巴利阿里群岛进行的横断面营养调查。
通过24小时回顾法（非连续两天：温暖季节和寒冷季节）和食物频率问卷对居住在私人家庭中的随机样本（n = 1200，年龄16 - 65岁）的饮食习惯进行评估。分析了西班牙人群中间营养目标达标者的百分比差异，以及脂肪、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、纤维、水果和蔬菜摄入量高（高于摄入量上四分位数）和低（低于摄入量下四分位数）的消费者在性别之间以及不同消费者之间的食物消费模式差异。
在营养素和能量摄入以及建议达标情况方面观察到性别差异。不到25%的人群达到了碘、水果、碳水化合物、SFA、纤维和蔬菜的中间营养建议。低脂肪/SFA以及高水果和蔬菜/纤维的消费者保持着与传统巴利阿里饮食和流行膳食金字塔一致的饮食，这确保了更好地符合营养目标。
西班牙人群的中间营养目标可以通过维持传统巴利阿里饮食（巴利阿里人群的地中海式饮食）来实现。因此，这种饮食模式可用于制定适用于该人群的FBDG。
