Zafren Ken, Durrer Bruno, Herry Jean-Pierre, Brugger Hermann
Division of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 701 Welch Road, Building C, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Resuscitation. 2005 Jun;65(3):369-72. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.12.014.
Lightning is a hazard during outdoor activities, especially for hikers and mountaineers. Specific preventive measures include staying off ridges and summits, and away from single trees. If possible, stay close to a wall but keeping a distance of at least 1m away from the wall. All metal objects (carabiners, crampons, ice-axe, ski poles, etc.) should be removed and stored away safely. Lightning currents can follow wet ropes. To prevent blunt trauma the helmet should not be removed. Move as quickly as possible away from wire ropes and iron ladders. The crouch position should be adopted immediately if there is a sensation of hair "standing on end". Crackling noises or a visible glow indicate an imminent lightning strike. Rescue of lightning victims may be hazardous. Airborne helicopters can be struck by lightning with disastrous effects. It is prudent to wait until the danger of further strikes has passed. Treatment of lightning victims is based upon the ABCs - (Assessment) airway, breathing and circulation. Victims who are not breathing can often be resuscitated and should be helped first. Respiratory arrest may be prolonged, but the prognosis can be excellent if breathing is supported. Standard Advanced Life Support (ALS), if necessary, should be given at the scene.
闪电是户外活动中的一种危险，尤其对徒步旅行者和登山者而言。具体预防措施包括远离山脊和山顶，以及远离孤立的树木。如果可能，靠近墙壁，但与墙壁保持至少1米的距离。应取下所有金属物品（登山扣、冰爪、冰斧、滑雪杖等）并安全存放。闪电电流可顺着湿绳索传导。为防止钝器伤，不应摘下头盔。尽快远离钢丝绳和铁梯。如果有头发“竖起来”的感觉，应立即采取蹲伏姿势。噼啪声或可见的闪光表明即将发生雷击。救助雷击受害者可能很危险。空中直升机可能会被闪电击中，造成灾难性后果。谨慎的做法是等到再次雷击的危险过去。对雷击受害者的治疗基于ABC原则——（评估）气道、呼吸和循环。没有呼吸的受害者通常可以复苏，并应首先得到帮助。呼吸骤停可能会持续较长时间，但如果给予呼吸支持，预后可能很好。如有必要，应在现场进行标准的高级生命支持（ALS）。
