Huang David B, DuPont Herbert L
Center for Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Jun;5(6):341-8. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70138-9.
Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica seroptype Typhi (S typhi), has an estimated worldwide prevalence of 12-33 million cases. The pathogenesis of this disease depends on the ingested inoculum size of S typhi, the virulence of the strain, the host's immune response and previous exposure, and local protective factors. Numerous extra-intestinal complications can occur with S typhi infection, including the involvement of the central nervous system (3-35%), cardiovascular system (1-5%), pulmonary system (1-86%), bone and joints (< or =1%), hepatobiliary system (1-26%), genitourinary system (<1%), and others. Due to an increase in multidrug-resistant S typhi, fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins have been increasingly used for typhoid fever and its complications. We describe the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment of extra-intestinal S typhi infections.
伤寒热由伤寒沙门氏菌血清型伤寒杆菌（伤寒杆菌）引起，据估计全球患病率为1200万至3300万例。这种疾病的发病机制取决于摄入的伤寒杆菌接种量、菌株的毒力、宿主的免疫反应和既往接触情况以及局部保护因素。伤寒杆菌感染可发生许多肠外并发症，包括中枢神经系统受累（3% - 35%）、心血管系统（1% - 5%）、肺部系统（1% - 86%）、骨骼和关节（≤1%）、肝胆系统（1% - 26%）、泌尿生殖系统（<1%）及其他。由于多重耐药伤寒杆菌的增加，氟喹诺酮类和第三代头孢菌素越来越多地用于治疗伤寒热及其并发症。我们描述了伤寒杆菌肠外感染的流行病学、临床表现、发病机制和治疗方法。
