Strohl K P, Arnold J L, Decker M J, Hoekje P L, McFadden E R
Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992 Apr;72(4):1243-6. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1992.72.4.1243.
Recent studies have suggested that the inhalation of cold air through the nose is associated with the subsequent release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity. To determine if mucosal surface heat and water loss influence the nasal functional response to cold air, we measured nasal resistance by posterior rhinomanometry before and 1, 5, and 10 min after a 4-min period of isocapnic hyperventilation (30 l/min) through the nose in nine healthy subjects (5 males, 4 females; aged 25-39 yr) while they inhaled air at 0 degrees C. During the challenge period, the subjects breathed either in and out of the nose or in through the nose and out through the mouth. No changes in nasal resistance developed when subjects breathed exclusively through the nose; however, when subjects breathed in through the nose and out through the mouth, nasal resistance was increased 200% at 1 min (P less than 0.01) after the challenge and returned to baseline values by 10 min after cessation of the challenge. These data indicate that nasal functional responses to cold dry air are dependent on the pattern of the ventilatory challenge. If the heat given up from the nasal mucosa to the incoming air is not recovered during expiration (as is the case with inspiration through the nose and expiration through the mouth), nasal obstruction will occur. Hyperpnea of cold air, per se, does not influence nasal resistance.
近期研究表明，经鼻腔吸入冷空气与随后速发型超敏反应介质的释放有关。为了确定黏膜表面的热量和水分流失是否会影响鼻腔对冷空气的功能反应，我们对9名健康受试者（5名男性，4名女性；年龄25 - 39岁）在吸入0摄氏度空气时，通过后鼻测压法测量了在等碳酸过度通气（30升/分钟）4分钟期间及之后1分钟、5分钟和10分钟时的鼻阻力。在激发期间，受试者通过鼻腔呼吸进出或者经鼻腔吸气并经口腔呼气。当受试者仅通过鼻腔呼吸时，鼻阻力没有变化；然而，当受试者经鼻腔吸气并经口腔呼气时，激发后1分钟鼻阻力增加了200%（P小于0.01），在激发停止后10分钟恢复到基线值。这些数据表明，鼻腔对冷干空气的功能反应取决于通气激发的模式。如果在呼气过程中从鼻黏膜传递给进入空气的热量没有得到恢复（如经鼻腔吸气并经口腔呼气的情况），就会发生鼻阻塞。冷空气的深呼吸本身并不影响鼻阻力。
