Fontanari P, Burnet H, Zattara-Hartmann M C, Jammes Y
Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Respiratoire Intégrée et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 1630, Institut Jean Roche, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerrannée, Marseille, France.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Oct;81(4):1739-43. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1739.
Nasopulmonary bronchomotor reflexes elicited by mechanical or irritant stimulation of the nose have been described in animals and asthmatic patients. However, few studies were devoted to the consequences of nasal breathing of cold and dry air or of only dry or only moist air on the bronchomotor control in normal individuals. The present study reported changes in interruption resistance (Rint) measured during eupneic breathing of moderately cold (-4 or -10 degrees C) and dry [0.3% relative humidity (RH)] air or of room air at 23 degrees C that is either dry (0.3% RH) or moist (97% RH). Nasal inhalation of cold (-4 degrees C) dry air or of only dry air significantly increased baseline Rint value (17 and 21%, respectively) throughout the 15-min test periods. The response to cold was significantly accentuated when the air temperature was lowered to -10 degrees C (42%). After nasal anesthesia or inhalation of a cholinergic antagonist, cold air did not induce a change in Rint. Nasal inhalation of moist room air had no effect. No Rint changes were measured during oral breathing of the three test agents. It is concluded that the activation of cold receptors or osmoreceptors in the nasal mucosa induces protective bronchoconstrictor responses in normal individuals.
通过对鼻子进行机械或刺激性刺激引发的鼻肺支气管运动反射已在动物和哮喘患者中有所描述。然而，很少有研究关注在正常个体中，吸入寒冷干燥空气或仅干燥空气或仅潮湿空气时，鼻呼吸对支气管运动控制的影响。本研究报告了在正常呼吸适度寒冷（-4或-10摄氏度）且干燥[相对湿度（RH）为0.3%]的空气或23摄氏度的室内空气（干燥的空气RH为0.3%或潮湿的空气RH为97%）过程中测量的气道阻力（Rint）变化。在整个15分钟的测试期间，经鼻吸入寒冷（-4摄氏度）干燥空气或仅干燥空气会显著增加基线Rint值（分别增加17%和21%）。当气温降至-10摄氏度时，对寒冷的反应显著增强（增加42%）。在鼻麻醉或吸入胆碱能拮抗剂后，冷空气不会引起Rint变化。经鼻吸入潮湿的室内空气没有效果。在对三种测试气体进行口呼吸时，未测量到Rint变化。得出的结论是，鼻黏膜中冷感受器或渗透压感受器的激活会在正常个体中诱发保护性支气管收缩反应。
