Leske J S
School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2000 Jun;12(2):237-44.
Because critical injury occurs without warning, there is no time for families to prepare for this event. Stresses caused by critical injury vary in intensity and duration but certainly have the potential to create a heavy burden on family members. Prior family stress seems to be the salient indicator of the amount of assistance a family will need. The number of stresses not directly associated with the critical injury seems to be an important predictor of family adaptation outcomes. Therefore, it is important that nurses assess other stresses occurring in the family, not focusing solely on the stresses associated with critical injury. Interventions that help mobilize family strengths may be effective strategies for promoting family adaptation outcomes. Families using few coping strategies or reporting reduced resources, or both need referrals to other health care professionals or advanced practice nurses. Patient and family care conferences also may be helpful in the development of intervention plans to mobilize individual family strengths after critical injury.
由于严重伤害的发生毫无征兆，家人没有时间为这一事件做准备。严重伤害所引发的压力在强度和持续时间上各不相同，但肯定有可能给家庭成员造成沉重负担。先前的家庭压力似乎是一个家庭所需援助量的显著指标。与严重伤害没有直接关联的压力数量似乎是家庭适应结果的一个重要预测因素。因此，护士评估家庭中发生的其他压力很重要，而不仅仅关注与严重伤害相关的压力。有助于调动家庭优势的干预措施可能是促进家庭适应结果的有效策略。使用很少应对策略或报告资源减少或两者兼有的家庭需要转介给其他医疗保健专业人员或高级执业护士。患者和家庭护理会议在制定干预计划以调动严重伤害后家庭的个人优势方面也可能有所帮助。
